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2017, vol. 45, br. 2, str. 45-64
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Multikriterijumska analiza nacionalne konkurentnosti - dokazi otpornosti ekonomije
A multicriterial analysis of national competitiveness: Evidences for a resilient economy
Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Faculty of Economic Science, Romania
e-adresa: vsima@upg-ploiesti.ro
Sažetak
Rad je strukturiran u tri celine: U prvoj celini, sumarizovani su, u dostupnoj literature, različiti pristupi nacionalnoj konkurentnosti, odnosno procena ekonomskih performansi uz pomoć specifičnih indeksa: Indeksa globalne konkurentnosti (GCI), Indeksa ekoloških performansi (EPI) i Indeksa ljudskog razvoja (HDI), pri čemu je ukazano na njihove osnovne prednosti i ograničenja. Varijable su analizirane kao predkrizne i postkrizne, pod pretpostavkom da bi ekonomska recesija mogla proizvesti određene efekte. Izvori podataka su predstavljeni u odeljku Rezultati rada sa diskusijom. S obzirom na veliku raznolikost pitanja i nehomogenost podataka koji opisuju pomenuta pitanja, istraživanja su podrazumevala korišćenje BDP zajedno sa sledećim kompozitnim indikatorima: GCI, EPI, HDI i Indeksom ekonomske otpornosti (ERI). U trećem delu prikazani su osnovni rezultati rada i njihove potencijalne implikacije. Primećen je negativan trend razvoja Indeksa ekonomske otpornosti za Rumuniju, tokom perioda 2008-2014. godina. Pretpostavlja se da je uočeni pad u velikoj meri posledica pada vrednosti pod-indeksa socijalnog razvoja i pod-indeksa vladavine prava (korupcije). Nizak nivo otpornosti rumunske ekonomije se prevashodno objašnjava niskim nivoom konkurentnosti i produktivnosti proizvodnih faktora. Dobijeni rezultati sugerišu da je pored evaluacije nacionalne konkurentnosti, neophodna i procena ERI indeksa, s obzirom da ona može otkriti skrivene izvore ranjivosti nacionalne ekonomije na eksterne šokove.
Abstract
This article is structured in three parts, as follows: In the first part, we summarized the different approaches of national competitiveness in the literature on the economic performance assessment, using specific indexes: Global Competitiveness Index (GCI), Ecological Performance Index (EPI), and Human Development Index (HDI), highlighting their advantages and limitations. These variables were analyzed ante-crisis and ex-crisis, assuming that the economic recession could generate some effects. Data sources are presented at the beginning of the 'Results and discussion' paragraph. Considering the diversity of the issues and the inhomogeneity of data describing those issues, GDP was used along with the four composite indicators: GCI, EPI, HDI, and Economic Resilience Index (ERI). The third part presents the main findings and their implications. Thus, a downward trend of the evolution of Romania's economic resilience index during 2008-2014 was observed. This decline appears to be due largely to the decrease in Social development sub-index and in Governance sub-index. The low level of the Romanian economy resilience is mainly explained by the low level of competitiveness and productivity of production factors. The obtained outcomes suggest that in addition to national competitiveness assessing, ERI evaluation is important because it can reveal the hidden sources of vulnerability of the economy to external shocks.
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