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2015, vol. 44, br. 1, str. 12-25
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Rizici kreditiranja malog biznisa u Republici Srbiji
Risks of lending to small enterprises in the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Imajući u vidu velike rizike plasmana kredita malim preduzećima i preduzetnicima u Srbiji, u ovom radu smo analizirali taj problem i predstavili konkretne aktivnosti koje poslovna banka treba da preduzme kako bi smanjila ove rizike. Analizom stanja poslovnog okruženja u Srbiji i trenutne prakse plasmana kredita, zaključili smo da je prilikom odobrenja kreditnih zahteva, bez izuzetka, neophodno preduzeti sledeće analize i aktivnosti: statusna provera klijenta, finansijska analiza preduzetničkog biznisa, analiza preduzetnikovog poslovanja, procena urednosti izmirenja obaveza preduzetnika, analiza rizika kreiranja ponude (seta proizvoda) banke, evaluacija instrumenata obezbeđenja kredita, valutni rizik kreditiranja biznisa i rizici kreditiranja preduzetničkog biznisa u razvoju. Slične studije su sprovođene u Sjedinjenim Državama, sa naglaskom da je ova analiza fokusirana na potrebe i praksu bankarskog sistema u Srbiji, sa dljem da poslovne banke navedene aktivnosti i analize dosledno i sveobuhvatno primenjuju, stavljajući ih u prvi plan ispred ispred ubrzanih kreditnih procedura, akvizicije i dobrih poslovnih rezultata na kratak rok.
Abstract
Bearing in mind the major risks of lending to small enterprises and entrepreneurs in Serbia, this paper analyzes this problem and presents the concrete activities that commercial banks should undertake to mitigate these risks. After analyzing the business environment in Serbia and the current lending practice, we have concluded that in the process of approving loan applications, without exception, the following analyses and activities need to be undertaken: verification of the client's status, financial analysis of the entrepreneurial business, analysis of the entrepreneur's business operations, assessment of how regularly the entrepreneur settles his liabilities, analysis of risks entailed by the bank's offer (i.e. the set of products), evaluation of loan collaterals, currency risk of lending to the business, and risks of lending to a start-up entrepreneurial business. Similar studies were conducted in the United States, yet this particular analysis focuses on the needs and practices of the banking sector in Serbia, with the aim of suggesting to commercial banks to implement the above stated activities and analyses persistently and comprehensively, putting them ahead of accelerated lending procedures, acquisitions and sound, short-term business results.
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