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2011, vol. 64, br. 11-12, str. 570-574
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Epidemiološke karakteristike hepatitisa a u Vojvodini u periodu od 1988. do 2009. godine
Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis a in Vojvodina from 1988 to 2009
Institut za javno zdravlje Vojvodine, Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti, Novi Sad
e-adresa: mioljubristic@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Hepatitis A je akutno virusno oboljenje jetre prouzrokovano virusom hepatitisa A. Zbog razlika u kliničkom ispoljavanju i često infekcija bez simptoma, oboljenje predstavlja značajan epidemiološki problem u mnogim područjima sveta. Infekcija se najčešće prenosi kontaktom, ređe kontaminiranom vodom i hranom. Oboljenje se registruje tokom čitave godine, sa pikom obolevanja u jesenjim i zimskim mesecima. Obolevaju osobe svih uzrasnih grupa, ali je oboljenje češće kod školske dece, mlađih odraslih osoba i muškaraca. Rad analizira kretanje i distribuciju hepatitisa A u Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini u periodu od 1988. do 2009. godine. U posmatranom periodu, u Vojvodini je registrovana 10 471 obolela osoba (prosečna incidencija 2,34/100 000) sa različitom distibucijom obolelih po okruzima Vojvodine. Polovina obolelih je registrovana u epidemijama, najčešće kontaktnog tipa prenosa. U celini posmatrano, incidencija hepatitisa A ima opadajuću tendenciju.
Abstract
Introduction. Hepatitis A represents a significant epidemiological problem in many regions of the world. This research was aimed at analyzing trends and distribution of hepatitis A in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia. Material and methods. The authors used data on individual cases and outbreak reports in the period from 1988 to 2009 obtained from the Registry of Communicable Diseases kept at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. Results. The total of 10.471 cases was recorded with average incidence of 23.4/100.000 and with a decreasing trend. This disease occurs as an endemoepidemic with a cyclic increase in the incidence in time intervals of 3, 4 and 6 years. The disease has seasonal character and is most frequently observed in autumn and winter with the highest percentage of cases in October-November after the beginning of school year and forming of school collectives. The age-specific incidence is highest in school age children due to agglomeration of susceptible population. During the observed period, the total of 160 outbreaks was recorded with over 5,000 reported cases. The highest number of outbreaks was recorded in school collectives and then in peri-urban settlements with poor hygiene. Two outbreaks occurred at institutions for people with special needs. Outbreaks were progressive in course and contact was the dominant mode of transmission. Conclusion. Although hepatitis A incidence trend is decreasing, this disease still has endemoepidemic character of occurrence. Such an epidemiological situation is most probably caused by slow and limited impact of hygienic measures. A significant contribution to further incidence reduction could be achieved by active immunization.
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