2011, vol. 63, br. 2, str. 174-182
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Naučno razumevanje društvenih sukoba, osnov nauka odbrane
Scientific understanding of social conflicts: The basis of defense sciences
DOFIS, Beograd
Sažetak
Svaka nauka ili naučna oblast konstituisana je na osnovu metodološki utvrđenih principa i zahteva. Iako su svi elementi za utemeljenje jedne nauke važni, neki od njih imaju više formalan, a neki suštinski značaj. Poseban značaj ima područje stvarnosti na koje se odnose iskazi date nauke. Isto važi i za nauke odbrane, koje čine posebnu oblast naučnih znanja, a na kojima se razvija specifična društvena funkcija - odbrana, u okviru koje dominantnu ulogu ima posebna društvena delatnost - vojna delatnost. Postavlja se pitanje koji sadržaj, značajan za ljudsku i društvenu egzistenciju, čini područje stvarnosti kao specifikum za naučna znanja odbrane, na kojima se razvijaju funkcija odbrane i vojna delatnost. Odbrana, po svojoj suštini, označava reakciju određenog društvenog sistema na potencijalne ili egzistencijalne rizike i pretnje koje su usmerene ka njemu. To znači da je za naučnu spoznaju sadržaja odbrane, osim poznavanja sopstvenog društvenog sistema, vrlo značajno naučno razumevanje izvora društvenih rizika i pretnji. Ako se uzme da je takav izvor jedan ili grupa drugih društvenih sistema, sa suprotnim interesima, može se zaključiti da, u osnovi, postoji određeni društveni sukob. Baš taj sukob čini područje stvarnosti i suštinu sadržaja na kojem se razvijaju uzajamni odnosi društvenih sistema i grade strategijski koncepti odbrane jednog sistema od drugoga. Koju društvenu formu će imati funkcija odbrane i u kojoj će se meri razviti elementi vojne delatnosti za potrebe odbrane, zavisiće od toga sa kojim i kakvim naučnim znanjima za tu oblast raspolažu sukobljeni društveni sistemi. Spoznaje, koje donosi sadržaj rada, daju određena usmerenja nauci odbrane i ukazuju na to da je njena osnova upravo naučno razumevanje društvenih sukoba. Drugim rečima, društveni sukobi čine osnovno područje stvarnosti na koje se odnose iskazi nauka odbrane. Zaključak autora je da bez postojanja društvenih sukoba znanja odbrane nemaju smisao, a nauke odbrane gube svoje ontološko, epistemološko i aksiološko polje.
Abstract
Any science or scientific field is constituted on the basis of methodologically established principles and requirements. Although all the elements for the establishment of a science are important, some of them play a more formal role, while the others play an essential one. The area of reality to which the science's statements refer is particularly important. The same applies to the defense sciences, which make a special area of scientific knowledge for developing a specific social function - defense, within which a dominant role is played by a special social activity - the military activity. The question is what content, relevant for human and social existence, represents an area of reality specific for the scientific defense knowledge where the functions of defense and the military activity are developed. The defense, in its essence, is a response of a certain social system to potential or existential risks and threats posed to it. This means that, in addition to the knowledge of its own social system, the scientific understanding of the origins of social risks and threats is very important for the scientific knowledge of the contents of defense. If it is assumed that such a source is just another or a group of other social systems, with opposing interests, it can be concluded that, basically, social conflict exists. It is this conflict that makes the area of reality and the essence of the content where mutual relations of social systems develop, and strategic concepts of one system's defense against another are built. The social form of defense function and the development level of military activity for defense purposes will depend on which and what kinds of scientific knowledge are available to the opposing social systems. This paper presents the knowledge that suggests specific directions of the defense science and indicates that its base is actually a scientific understanding of social conflicts. In other words, social conflicts are the basic area of reality the defense science statements refer to. The authors conclude that without the existence of social conflicts, the knowledge of defense has no purpose, and the defense sciences lose their ontological, epistemological and axiological field.
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