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2016, vol. 48, br. 2, str. 191-200
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Ispitivanje stepena traume i uticaja zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja na dimenzije ličnosti adolescenata
Analysis of trauma severity and the impact of abuse and neglect on personality traits in adolescents
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za mentalno zdravlje cUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za mentalno zdravlje + Univerzitet Singidunum, Fakultet za medije i komunikacije - FMK, Beograd dUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet + Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za mentalno zdravlje
e-adresa: robertogrujicic@gmail.com
Sažetak
Uvod: Zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje dece i adolescenata ostavlja višestruke i dugotrajne posledice na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje, razvoj i budući život deteta. Od posebne važnosti su posledice koje zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje ostavljaju na ličnost osobe. Cilj rada: Utvrđivanje stepena traume, kao i razlike u crtama ličnosti adolescenata koji su na psihijatrijskom lečenju i istovremeno registrovani u Kabinetu za zaštitu dece od zlostavljanja i zanemarivanja, u odnosu na adolescente koji se psihijatriski leče i nisu zlostavljani, kao i na kontrolnu grupu. Materijal i metode: U studiji su učestvovale tri grupe ispitanika: zlostavljani adolescenti, adolescenti na psihijatrijskom lečenju i kontrolna zdrava grupa. Svi ispitanici su anonimno popunjavali Opšti upitnik sa osnovnim sociodemografskim podacima, Upitnik o traumama iz detinjstva (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – CTQ) i Upitnik za procenu temperamenta i karaktera adolescenata (Temperament and Character Adolescent Inventory – ATCI - 46). Rezultati: Postoji statistička razlika između grupa, u svim vrstama zlostavljanja: fizičkom, emocionalnom, seksualnom zlostavljanju te fizičkom i emocionalnom zanemarivanju (p<0.001). Adolescenti na psihijatrijskom lečenju imaju značajno niže vrednosti na dimenziji Perzistencije (p<0.01), dok zlostavljana adolescenti imaju niže vrednosti na dimenziji Izbegavanja opasnosti (p<0.05) od druge dve ispitivane grupe. Analizom celokupnog uzorka pokazali smo i negativnu povezanost između zlostavljanja u celini i Self-transcedencije, kao i negativnu povezanost između fizičkog zlostavljanja i Samousmerenosti. Zaključak: Zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje u detinjstvu i adolescenciji predstavljaju značajan uzrok traumatizma, pri čemu mogu dovesti do raznolikog spektra psihopatoloških poremećaja i promena u strukturi ličnosti.
Abstract
Introduction: Abuse and neglect might cause multiple and long-term consequences on physical and mental health, development and future life of children. The consequences that abuse and neglect cause on a child’s personality and functioning in adult life have particular importance. The aim: Determining the level of trauma, as well as differences in personality traits of adolescents who are on psychiatric treatment and has been registered in Department for the protection of children against abuse and neglect, comparing with children who are on psychiatric treatment but not abused, and control group of adolescents. Materials and methods: The study analysed three groups: abused group on psychiatric treatment, group on psychiatric treatment and not abused, and control healthy population. All subjects filled out General questionnaire with basic socio-demographical data, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and Temperament and Character Adolescent Inventory (ATCI – 46). Results: There is statistically significant difference between groups in all types of abuse: physical, emotional, sexual, as well as emotional and physical neglect (p<0.001). Psychiatric group has significantly lower scores on Persistence (P) (p<0.01), while abused group has lower scores on Harm avoidance (HA) (p<0.05). Negative correlation between abuse and Self-transcendence (ST), and negative correlation between physical abuse and Self-directedness (SD) has been shown. Conclusion: Abuse and neglect in children and adolescents are a significant cause of trauma and can cause different psychopathology, as well as changes on character and temperament traits.
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