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2010, vol. 36, br. 4, str. 373-381
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Ekonomska opravdanost izgradnje postrojenja za kombinovanu proizvodnju toplotne i električne energije korišćenjem poljoprivredne biomase
Economic feasibility of building a facility for combined heat and power production using agricultural biomass
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd-Vinča
e-adresa: dejan2004@vinca.rs
Sažetak
Prema podacima Srpske agencije za energetsku efikasnost (SEEA), Srbija raspolaže sa 3,4 Mt.o.e obnovljivih vidova energije, od čega su resursi u biomasi 2.6 Mt.o.e. Trenutno se samo mala količina otpadne biomase koristi u proizvodnji energije (ne računajući njihovo sagorevanje u domaćinstvima) i to uglavnom za grejanje. Za to postoji nekoliko razloga i to: niska cena el.energije, nerešeni problemi u logistici prikupljanja i distribuciji, nepostojanje regulisanog tržišta biomase, kao i odgovarajućih tehnologija za njenu primenu kao goriva. Jedan od najefikasnijih načina za korišćenje otpadne poljoprivredne biomase, preporučen od mnogih institucija širom sveta, jeste kombinovana proizvodnja toplotne i električne energije (CHP), sa što manjom sopstvenom potrošnjom energije, i bez narušavanja ravnoteže u proizvodnji hrane. U radu će biti dat prikaz predviđenih investicionih ulaganja, bez ulaganja u infrastrukturu (toplovod i priključenje na el.distributivnu mrežu, radi isporuke proizvedene el.energije), godišnje dobiti, vreme vraćanja investicionih ulaganja, kao i ostali relevantni pokazatelji kvaliteta predloženog projekta.
Abstract
According to the data from the Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency (SEEA), Serbia has renewable energy potential of 3.4 Mt.o.e, of which the biomass resources are 2.6 Mt.o.e. Presently, only a small amount of biomass is used for energy production (not taking into account their combustion in households), mainly for heating. There are several reasons for that, including: low-cost electricity, unresolved problems in the logistics of collection and distribution, the absence of a regulated biomass market and appropriate technologies for its use as a fuel. One of the most effective ways to use biomass from agricultural waste, recommended by many institutions around the world, is the combined heat and power (CHP), with the least possible consumption of own energy, and without disrupting the balance in food production. The paper reviews the planned investment, without investment in infrastructure (the heating system and the connection to the power grid to deliver produced electricity), annual income, payback period, and other relevant indicators of the quality of the proposed project.
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