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2010, vol. 138, br. 11-12, str. 783-789
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Pokazatelji zdravlja porodice i uticaj porodičnog lekara na prevenciju upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci
Family health and family physician's influence on prevention of psychoactive substances abuse
aDom zdravlja 'Voždovac', Beograd bKlinički centar Srbije, Klinika za psihijatriju, Beograd
e-adresa: m.lapcevic@sbb.rs
Sažetak
Porodica, kao osnovna socijalna jedinica, ima odlučujuću ulogu u zdravlju i bolesti svojih članova. Ona je primarna jedinica u kojoj se zdravstvene potrebe formiraju i rešavaju. Porodica samostalno, sopstvenim resursima, rešava oko 75% ukupnih zdravstvenih potreba. U radu autori razmatraju odlike porodice koje utiču na zdravlje i bolest njenih članova, indikatore zdravlja porodice, kao i skalu životnih vrednosti. Razmatrani su i socijalni činioci, komunikacija i uticaj upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci na zdravlje porodice i kvalitet porodičnog života. Za formiranje ličnosti deteta najvažnija su tri faktora: ljubav, osećaj sigurnosti i harmonični odnosi između roditelja. Usklađenost života u porodici zavisi i od kvaliteta strukturnih komponenata ličnosti i interakcije motiva njenih članova. Rano detinjstvo određuje kakva će biti ličnost odrasle osobe. U tom periodu se stiču navike i delimično izgrađuju stavovi. Važnu ulogu ima stav prema potrebama i zahtevima dece. U harmoničnim porodičnim odnosima roditelji su uzor deci. Verbalno i neverbalno komuniciranje obogaćuje odnose među ljudima i oplemenjuje napore da se sporazumevanjem podstaknu razumevanje, saosećanje i briga za druge. Na skali životnih vrednosti građanima Srbije zdravlje je na prvom mestu. Odmah iza zdravlja je dobar odnos u porodici. Kako briga o zdravlju nije samo zadatak zdravstvene službe već svakog pojedinca, porodice i društva u celini, na zdravstvenim radnicima je da kontinuiranim zdravstveno-vaspitnim radom nauče građane kako da sačuvaju i unaprede sopstveno i zdravlje svoje porodice. To se, pre svega, odnosi na izbegavanje loših navika, kao što su pušenje, neumereno konzumiranje alkohola, zloupotreba droga, fizička neaktivnost, hiperkalorijska ishrana i dr. Takođe je važno rano prepoznavanje simptoma bolesti i blagovremeno obraćanje izabranom lekaru za pomoć. Porodična medicina i porodični lekar mogu na najbolji način da sveobuhvatno i kontinuirano spreče i izleče mnoge bolesti koje nastaju kao proizvod porodične disfunkcionalnosti uz aktivno učešće pojedinca, porodice, zdravstvene službe i zajednice.
Abstract
The family, as the basic social unit, has a decisive role in the health and disease of its members. It is the primary unit where health needs are formed and solved. By its own resources the family independently resolves about 75% of the total health requirements. In the paper the authors study family characteristics which influence family health and diseases, indicators of family health and the scale of life values. Also, the study evaluates social factors, communication and the influence of the usage of psychoactive substances on family health and the quality of family life. To form the personality of a child three factors are most significant: love, the feeling of safety and the presence of harmonious relationship between the parents. Life harmony in a family also depends on the quality of structural components of the personality and the interaction of motivation of its members. Early childhood determines the future personality of the adult person. At that period, habits and partially attitudes are formed. In harmonious family relationships the parents are the role model to children. Verbal and non-verbal communication enrich the relationship among people and enable efforts in supporting understanding, compassion and care for others by mutual agreement. On the scale of life values of Serbian citizens health holds the first position. Immediately following the health issue is good relationship in the family. As healthcare is not only the task of healthcare services, but also of each individual, family and the society as a whole, it is on healthcare personnel to educate the citizens how to preserve and improve their own health and the health of their family by a continual healthcare and education. Above all, this concerns avoidance of bad habits, such as smoking, immoderate alcohol consumption, narcotic abuse, physical inactivity, hypercaloric nutrition, etc. Also, it is significant to make an early recognition of disease symptoms and to turn for help to the chosen doctor on time. Family medicine and family doctors can in the best way, entirely and continually, prevent and treat numerous diseases occurring as the result of family dysfunction, with active participation of each individual, family, healthcare services and the community.
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