članak: 1 od 1  
Acta veterinaria
2008, vol. 58, br. 5-6, str. 615-632
jezik rada: engleski
neklasifikovan
doi:10.2298/AVB0806615S

Uticaj vetrenjača za proizvodnju električne energije na različite životinjske vrste
aUniversity, Ljubljana, Slovenia
bVeterinary Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia

e-adresa: jana.sterze@guest.arnes.si

Sažetak

Vetrenjače za proizvodnju električne energije se grade i postavljaju u različitim delovima sveta bez obzira na prisustvo zaštićenih životinjskih vrsta. U 55%, do sada objavljenih studija, mortalitet ptica se kretao u opsegu od 0-2 uginuća/turbini godišnje. U 79,4% slučajeva mortalitet grabljivica je iznosio 0-0,1 uginuća/turbini godišnje. Najveći broj uginuća je zabeležen kod vrste Buteo jamaicensis a zatim kod vrsta Larus argentatus, Eremophila alpestris i Columba livia. Jedina vrsta čija su uginuća zabeležena a nalazi se na listi ugroženih vrsta je bila Milvus milvus. U novije vreme, u Evropi se sve više pažnje posvećuje ovom problemu i procenjuje se da su najugroženije vrste ptica grabljivice, selice, plovuše i koke. Uginuća su zabeležena i kod slepih miševa i to vrsta Laisurus cinereus, Laisurus borealis, Lasionycteris noctivagans i Nyctalus noctula.

Ključne reči

mortality; disturbance effect; bats; birds; wind farms; wind turbines

Reference

*** (2004) Stateline wind project. u: Wildlife monitoring final report, July 2001- December 2003, Western Ecosystems Technology, Oregon, 105, http://www.west-inc.com/wind_reports.php, 13. 5. 2006
Ahlen, I. (2002) Fladdermoss och faglar dodade av vindkraftverk (Bats and Birds killed by Wind Power Turbines). Founa och flora, 97, 14-21
Airola, D. (1987) Bird abundance and movements at the Potrero Hills wind turbine site, Solano County. Fairfield, California: Solano County Department of Environmental Management
Anderson, R. (2000) Avian monitoring and risk assessment at tehachapi pass and san gorgonio passwind resource area, California: Phase I preliminary results. u: Nat Avian - Wind Power Plan Meet III, San Diego, Kalifornija, 1998, Proc, Ontario, Kanada: Environmental Research Associates, www.nationalwind.org/publications/wildlife/avian98/default.htm
Bach, L. (2003) Effekte von Windenergieanlagen auf Fledermäuse. u: Kommen die Vögel und Fledermäuse unter die (Wind)räder?, 17-18.11., Dresden
Barclay, R.M.R. (1984) Observations on the migration, ecology and behaviour of bats at Delta Marsh, Manitoba. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 98, 331-6
Bergen, F. (2002) Windkraftanlagen und Frühjahrsdurchzug des Kiebitz (Vanellus vanellus): Eine Vorher/Nachher Studie an einem traditionellen Restplatz in Nordrhein Westfalen. www.tuberlin.de/člbp/schwarzesbrett/tagungsband.htm, 12.1
Brauneis, W. (1999) Der Einfluss von Windkraftanlagen auf die Avifauna am Beispiel der 'Solzer Höhe' bei Bebra Solz im Landkreis Hersfeld-Rotenburg-Untersuchung im Auftrag des Bundes für Umwelt und Naturschutz Landesverband Hessen e. V. u: Ortsverband Alheim-Rotenburg-Bebra, 1-91
Brauneis, W. (2000) Der Einfluss von Windkraftanlagen auf die Avifauna, dargestellt ins, Am Beispiel des Kranich Grus grus. Ornith Mitteil, 52, 410-5
Brehme, S. (1999) Ornithologische Beobachtungen in unmittelbarer Nähe von Windkraftanlagen. Naturschutzgebiet in Mecklenburg Vorpommern, 42, 2, 55-60
Carter, T.D., Menzel, M.A., Chapman, B.R., Miller, K.V., Lee, J.R. (1999) A new method to study bat activity patterns. Wildl Soc Bull, 27, 598-02
Clemens, T., Lammen, C. (1995) Windkraftanlagen und Rastplätze von Küstenvögeln- ein Nutzungskonflikt. Seevögel, 16, 34-8
Crawford, R.L., Baker, W.W. (1981) Bats killed at a North Florida television tower: A 25-year record. Journal of Mammalogy, 62(3): 651
Dürr, T. (2003) Windenergieanlagen und Fledermausschutz in Brandenburg - Erfahrungen aus Brandenburg mit Einblick in die Bundesweite Fundkartei von Windkraftopfern. u: Kommen die Vögel und Fledermäuse unter die (Wind) Räder?, 17-18.11., Dresden, str. 17-18
Erickson, W.P., Strickland, M.D., Johnson, G.D., Kronner, K. (2000) Avian and bat mortality associated with the Vansycle wind project, Umatilla County, Oregon: 1999, study year. Pendleton, Oregon: WEST, Inc for Umatilla County Department of Resource Services and Development, 21., Technical Report
Erickson, W.P., Johnson, G.D., Strickl, M.D., Young, D.P., Sernka, K.J., Good, R.E. (2001) Avian collisions with wind turbines: A summary of existing studies and comparisons to other sources of avian collision mortality in the United States. u: National Wind Coordinating Committee Resource Document, 62, www.nationalwind.org/pubs/avian_collisions.pdf
Erickson, W.P., Jeffrey, J., Konner, K., Bay, K. (2003) Stateline wind power project wildlife monitoring. u: Annual Report, Result from the Period July 2001-December 2002, FPL Energy, Technical Report submitted
Erickson, W.P., Kronner, K., Gritski, B. (2003) Nine canyon wind power project avian and bat monitoring report. Nine Canyon Technical Advisory Committee Energy Northwest, http://www-west-inc.com/wind_reports.php, 17.7.2006
Erickson, W.P., Johnson, G.D., Young, D.P. (2004) Summary of anthropogenic causes of bird mortality. u: Proceedings of the 2002 International Partner's in Flight Conference, Monterrey, California
Evans, O.L.J. (1996) The hazards of lighted structures and windows to migrating birds. u: Report from the World Wildlife Fund Canada, Toronto, unfinished report
Everaert, J. (2003) Wind turbines and birds in Flanders: Preliminary study results and recommendations. Natuur Oriolus, 69, 4, 145-55
Everette, A.L., O'Shea, T.J., Ellison, L.E., Stone, L.A., Mccance, J.L. (2001) Bat use of high plains urban wildlife refuge. Wild Soc Bull, 29, 967-73
Fenton, M.B., Bell, G.P. (1979) Echolocation and feeding behavior in four species of Myotis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 57(6): 1271
Hall, L.S., Richards, G.C. (1972) Notes on Tadarida australis (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Austral Mamm, 1, 46
Hydro Tasmania (2004) Bird and bat monitoring. http://www.hydro.com.au/documents/Our%20Environment/BirdAndBatMonitoringAtTheWoolnorthWindfarm.pdf, (22.12.2006)
Johnson, G.D., Erickson, W.P., Strickland, M.D., Shepherd, M.F., Shepherd, D.A., Sarappo, S.A. (2002) Collision mortality of local and migrant birds at a large scale wind power development on Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota. Wildl Soc Bull, 30, 879-87
Johnson, G.D., Erickson, W.P., White, J., Mckinney, R. (2003) Avian and Bat mortality during the first year of operation at the Klondike Phase I Wind Project, Sherman County, Oregon. Draft prepared for: Northwest Wind Power, http://www.west-inc.com/reports/klondike_final_mortality.pdf (12. 2. 2007)
Johnson, G.D., Erickson, W.P., Strickland, M.D., Shepherd, M.F., Shepherd, D.A. (2003) Avian monitoring studies at the Buffalo Ridge Minnesota Wind Resource Area: Results of a 4 -Year Study. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc, 273, http://www.west-inc.com/wind_reports.php (12. 2. 2007)
Johnson, G.D., Strickland, M.D. (2004) An assessment of potencial collision mortality of migrating Indiana bats (Myotis sodalis) and Virginia big-eared bats (Corynorhinus townsendii Virginianus) traversing between Caves: Supplement to biological assessment for the federally endagered Indi. Western Ecosystems Technology, Inc, 24, http://www.west-inc.com/reports/ finalbatsupplement.pdf (22. 12. 2006)
Keeley, B., Ugoretz, S., Strickland, D. (2001) Bat ecology and wind turbine considerations. u: Proc Nat, Avian - Wind Power Plan Meet, Washington, DC: National Wind Coordinating Committee, 4, str. 135-46
Kerlinger, P. (2000) Avian mortality at communication towers: A review of recent literature, research, and methodology. Office of Migratory Bird Management, http://migratorybirds.fws.gov/issues/towers/review.pdf
Kerns, J., Kerlinger, P. (2004) A study of bird and bat collision fatalities at the mountaineer wind energy center, Tucker county, West Virginia: Annual report for 2003. u: Technical Report prepared for FPL Energy and Mountaineer Wind Energy Center Technical Review Committee, Curry and Kerlinger, LLC, 39
Kingsley, A., Whittam, B. (2003) Wind turbines and birds: A guidance document for environmental assessment. Canadian Wildlife Service, 87, http/www.wolfeislandwind.com/planning_docs/BSC_Bird_Report(May2004).pdf
Kingsley, A., Whittam, B. (2005) Wind turbines and birds: A background review for environmental assessment. Canadian Wildlife Service, 81
Klem, D. (1990) Collisions between birds and windows: Mortality and prevention. J Field Ornithol, 61, 1, 120-8
Koops, F.B.J. (1993) Collisions victims of high-tension lines in the Netherlands and effects of marking. Arnhem, The Netherlands: NV KEMA, 6
Kruckenberg, H., Jaene, J. (1999) Zum Einfluss eines Windparks auf die Verteilung weidender Bläâgänse im Rheiderland. Natur und Landschaft, 74, 420-7
Larsen, L.K., Madsena, J. (2000) Landscape Ecology, 15(8): 755
Lowther, S. (1998) The European perspective: Some lessons from case studies. u: Proc Nat Avian - Wind Power Plan Meet III, San Diego, Kalifornija, Ontario: Environmental Research Associates, http://ww.nationalwind.org/pubs/avian98
Orloff, S., Flannery, A. (1996) A continued examination of avian mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area. Santa Cruz, CA: Ibis Environ Serv And BioSystems Analysis Inc, P700-96-004-CN, for Calif Energy Commis, Sacramento, CA, 55
Osborn, R.G., Higgins, K.F., Usgaard, R.E., Dieter, C.D. (1996) Bat collisions with wind turbines in Southwest Minnesota. Bat Res News, 37, 105-8
Pedersen, M.B., Poulson, E. (1991) Impact of a 90 m/2 MW wind turbine on birds: Avian responses to the implementation of the Tjaereborg Wind Turbine at the Danish Wadden Sea. Danske Vildtundersogelser, 47, Kalo
Percival, S.M. (2001) Assessment of the effect of offshore wind farms on birds. ETSU, Report W/13/00565/REP
Schreiber, M. (1993) Zum Einfluss von Störungen auf die Rastplatzwahlvon Watvögeln. Inform d Natursch Niedersachs, 13(5), 161-9
Schreiber, M. (2002) Einfluss von Windenergieanlagen auf Rastvögel und Konsequenzen für EU Vogelschutzgebiete. u: Tagungsband zur Fachtagung Windenergie und Vögel - Ausmass und Bewältigung eines Konfliktes, 29.-30. 11. 01, Berlin, www. tu-berlin. de/člbp/schwarzesbrett/ tagungsband. htm (13. 5. 2006)
Strickland, D., Erickson, W. (2003) Overview of non-collision related impacts from wind projects. Wyoming: Western Ecosystems Technology
Thelander, C.G., Rugge, L. (2000) Avian risk behavior and fatalities at the Altamont wind resource area - March 1998 to February 1999. Golden, CO: BioResource Consultants for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Traxler, A., Wegleitner, S., Jaklitsch, H. (2004) Vogelschlag, Meideverhalten & Habitatnutzung an bestehenden Windkraftanlagen Prallenkirchen-Obersdorf-Steinberg/Prinzendorf. Ökoenergie, 103
van Gelder, R.G. (1956) Echo-location failure in migratory bats. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 59(2): 220
Winkelmann, J.E. (1992) De invloed van de Sepproefwindcentrale te Oosterbierum (Fr)op vogels. Arnhem, Nederlands: DLO Instituut voor Bosen Natuuronderzoek
Winkelmann, J.E. (1994) Bird/wind turbine investigations in Europe. u: Nat avian: Wind power plan meet, Denver, C.O., July, Proc, Washington, DC: RESOLVE Inc, str. 43-7, DE95-004090, www.nationalwind.org/pubs/avian94/default.htm (13.05.2006)
Young, D.P., Erickson, W.P., Strickland, M.D., Good, R.E., Semka, K.J. (2003) Comparison of avian responses to UV light reflective Painton wind turbines. u: Subcontract report: July 1999-December 2000, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 67, www.osti.gov/bridge (15.05.2006)