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2020, vol. 57, br. 3, str. 72-79
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Uticaj efektivnih mikroorganizama na parametre biogenosti zemljišta u rizosferi različitih genotipova soje i prinosa soje
Influence of effective microorganisms on soil biogenicity parameters in the rhizosphere of different soybean genotypes and soybean yield
aMegatrend Univerzitet, Fakultet za biofarming, Bačka Topola bUniverzitet u Kragujevcu cNaučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad dUniversity of Bijeljina, Faculty of Agriculture, Bijeljina, BiH
e-adresa: cvijagor@yahoo.com
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za informacione tehnologije, Kragujevac) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200378)
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200032)
Ključne reči: efektivni mikroorganizmi; soja; biogenost zemljišta; prinos
Keywords: effective microorganisms; soybean; soil biogenicity; yield
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi efekat primene efektivnih mikroorganizama (EM) na osnovne mikrobiološke parametre biogenosti zemljišta i visinu prinosa zrna soje. Istraživanja su sprovedena u periodu 2016-2018. Faktor A su gpdine 2016-2018; faktor B genotip soje Galina, Sava, Rubin i faktor C primena EM: varijanta 1kontrola, varijanta 2-EM u zemljište 20 l/ha i folijarni tretmana u fazi razvoja biljaka od tri do četiri troliske i fazi butonizacije, 5 lha-1); varijanta 3-NPK đubriva (8:15:15), 300 kgha-1 i varijanta 4 - varijanta 2 + varijanta 3. U toku punog cvetanja utvrđeni su osnovni parametri biogenosti zemljišta ukupan broj mikroorganizama (TNB) i brojnost azotobaktera (AZB) i visinu prinosa zrna na kraju vegetacije. Ispitivani faktori su imali statistički značajan uticaj na ispitivane parametre. Parametri biogenosti zemljišta kod varijante 4 EM+NPK statistički značajno (p<0,01) bili veći od kontrole i varijante 3. Varijanta 2 uticala je naveću brojnost p<0,01 u odnosu na kontrolu dok u odnosu na druge varijante značajnost je bila p<0,05 (factor B). U rizosferi genotipa Rubin utvrđena je najveća brojnost svih ispitivanih parametara (faktor C). Varijanta 2 sa EM uticala je na povećanje prinosa od 13,29% u odnosu na kontrolu što je bilo na nivou (p<0,05), a sa primenom EM+NPK varijanta 4 prinos je bio veći za 15,95% što je bilo na nivou (p<0,01) značajnosti.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of applying effective microorganisms (EM) on the basic microbiological parameters of soil and soybean yield biological value. The research was conducted in the period 2016-2018. Factor A are the years 2016-2018, factor B are soybean genotypes Galina, Sava, Rubin, and factor C application of EM: variant 1 was control, variant 2 was EM in soil 20 lha-1 and foliar treatment in the stage of plant development from three to four trefoils and budding stage, 5 lha-1, variant 3 was NPK fertilizer (8:15:15), 300 kgha-1, and variant 4 was a combination of variant 2 and variant 3. During full flowering, the basic parameters of soil biogenicity were determined by the total number of microorganisms (TNB) and the number of azotobacter (AZT) and grain yield at the end of the growing period. The examined factors had a statistically significant influence on the examined parameters. Soil biogenicity parameters in variant 4 EM + NPK were statistically significantly (p<0.01) higher than control and variant 3. Variant 2 affected a higher number of p<0.01 compared to control, while compared to other variants significance was p<0.05 (factor B). The highest number of all examined parameters was in the rhizosphere of Rubin genotype (factor C). Variant 2 with EM increased in yield of 13.29% compared to the control which was at the level (p<0.05) and with the application of EM + NPK variant 4 the yield was higher by 15.95% which was at the level (p<0.01) of significance.
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