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2010, vol. 14, br. 2, str. 69-71
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Otpad nakon proizvodnje vina i maslinova ulja kao sirovina za dobijanje toplinske energije
Organic waste after wine and olive oil production as raw material for thermal energy generation
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
e-adresa: nvoca@agr.hr
Sažetak
Industrija proizvodnje vina i maslinovog ulja ima velik značaj za poljoprivredu Republike Hrvatske. Ukoliko se komina nekontrolirano odlaže, može biti opasna za zdravlje ljudi i životinja, uz negativan utjecaj na okoliš, posebice zbog dugotrajne aerobne fermentacije uz razvijanje neugodnih mirisa. Komina masline, koja preostaje ekstrakcijom ulja iz maslina, je kašasta masa ostataka pulpe i koštice ploda, koja sadrži veliku količinu organske tvari, među kojima je i oko 4% ulja zbog kojeg komina masline ima velik potencijal u proizvodnji energije. Vinska komina se sastoji od približno 55-60% vode (ovisno o primijenjenoj tehnologiji), dok ostatak čini suha tvar. Upravo zbog visokog udjela vode, ovaj organski ostatak ima vrlo ograničeno vrijeme skladištenja, od svega nekoliko dana. Iz tog razloga, vinska komina mora proći kroz proces dorade, odnosno otklanjanja suvišne vode (primjerice sušenjem zagrijanim zrakom), kako tijekom dugotrajnijeg skladištenja ne bi došlo do značajnijih negativnih promjena u njezinom kemijskom sastavu. U ovom radu će se istražiti energetski potencijal dorađene vinske i maslinove komine u svrhu proizvodnje toplinske energije. Kao najjednostavniji postupak obrade komine za potrebe energije je peletiranje. Najveći značaj peletiranja biomase u proizvodnji energije je dobivanje proizvoda veće gustoće, bolje volumetrijske ogrjevne vrijednosti, što ima za posljedicu smanjenje troškova transporta i skladištenja. Utvrdit će se energetski potencijal komine nakon proizvodnje vina i maslinova ulja, te mogućnost njezinog korištenja kao energenata u proizvodnji toplinske energije.
Abstract
The olive and grape agro-industrial sectors have a major economic importance in Croatia. Utilization of that kind of waste is legally regulated in the EU, and in the Republic of Croatia with Rulebook of ecological production in plant growing and plant material production it is defined that agricultural waste cannot be reused without prior treatment. Grape marc, as well as olive cake, can be a valuable raw material, and it can be well used in energy generation. In this paper, the energetic potential of organic wastes after wine and olive oil production will be investigated, with the purpose of obtaining thermal energy. By laboratory pelleting of these organic wastes, a product of high density and better volumetric energy value will be produced, which will result in decrease of transport and storing costs, and better combustion quality when producing thermal energy. The quality of such pellets as biofuel cannot be defined without determining their physical and chemical properties, namely combustion characteristics. The energetic potential of wine grape and olive cake will be determined as well as the possibility for its utilization as an energy-generating product in producing thermal energy.
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