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Istorijski razvoj intenzivne medicine i nege
Historical overview of development of intensive care medicine and critical care
Sažetak
Početak razvoja intenzivne medicine u svetu beleži se 50tih godina 20. veka, a počeci intenzivne nege vezuju se sa imenom medicinske sestre Florence Nightingale koja je u toku noći obilazila i brinula o povređenim vojnicima tokom Krimskog rata (1853-1856). Njen najveći doprinos za razvoj intenzivne nege bilo je prepoznavanje činjenice da vitalno ugrožene pacijente treba češće obilaziti i pažljivije pratiti nego ostale i smeštati ih u postelje koje su pod stalnim nadzorom medicinskih sestara. Intenzivna medicina je evaluirala tokom godina i sa sigurnošću se može reći da nijedna oblast medicine nije imala takvu ekspanziju u razvoju u pogledu strukture, procesa i ishoda lečenja i nege. Manje inavnazivne dijagnostičke i terapijske metode, humaniji pristup psihosocijalnim potrebama bolesnika, veći stepen obrazovanja lekara i medicinskih sestara, bolja nacionalna i međunarodna saradnja lekara i medicinskih sestara intenzivista samo su neke od mnogih promena u razvoju intenzivne medicine.
Abstract
Beginings of intensive medicine in the world are recorded in the 50s of the 20th century and the beginnings of citical care are associated with the name of the Nurse Florence Nightingale, who took care about injured soldiers by night during the Crimean War (1853-1856). Her greatest contribution to the development of critical care was recognition of the fact that lifethreatened patients should have more care and be more carefully monitored than others and be placed in beds that are under the constant supervision of Nurses. Intensive medicine has evaluated over the years and for sure can be said that any other field of medicine didn't have such big expansion in developing the structure, processes and outcomes of care and treatment. Less inavasive diagnostic and therapeutic methods, humane approach to psycho-social needs of patients, the higher level of education of doctors and Nurses, better national and international cooperation of doctors and Nurses of critical care are just some of the many changes in the development of intensive medicine.
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