Article metrics

  • citations in SCindeks: 0
  • citations in Google Scholar:[=>]
  • visits in previous 30 days:16
  • full-text downloads in 30 days:6
article: 5 from 7  
Back back to result list
Fizička kultura
2017, vol. 71, iss. 1, pp. 43-54
article language: Serbian, English
Original Scientific Paper
doi:10.5937/fizkul1701043K

Creative Commons License 4.0
The self-perception of athletes with disability
Kasum Gorana, Mladenović Marijab
aUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Sports and Physical Education
bUniversity Singidunum

e-mail: goran.kasum@fsfv.bg.ac.rs

Project

Effects of the Applied Physical Activity to Locomotor, Metabolic, Psycho-Social and Educational Status of the Population of the Republic of Serbia (MESTD - 47015)

Abstract

Psychological studies show that people often see those with disabilities in a stereotyped way. Athletes with disabilities are most often seen as 'poor' or 'superheroes'. Apart from their exposure to prejudice and stereotyped social perception, people with disabilities, more often than people without disabilities, face inefficiency in the field of sport. This can result in sport being a double-edged sword, which can improve or impair one's self-image. The aim of this study was to determine how athletes with disabilities see themselves: what is their real self-perception? It was presumed that there are significant differences in terms of the age or gender of the participants. A self-perception inventory was used as an instrument, composed of thirty attributes of personality estimated on a four degree scale. 19 athletes with disabilities aged between 14 and 60 participated in this study. Eight of the participants were younger than 26 years, and 11 were older; there were14 males and 5 females. The results showed statistically significant differences in self-perception among the participants of different ages or gender. Attributes that dominated among the athletes with disabilities were positive self-perception and a positive self-image (for example, being self-confident, cheerful, relaxed, ambitious, decent). Although the study involved a relatively small number of participants and did not directly consider the correlation between self-perception and sports, the results correspond with the general trend of psychological studies confirming the positive effect of sports activities on the self-concept of people with disabilities.

Keywords

stereotype; social perception; sport; self-description

References
  Newly uploaded article: references checking, normalizing and linking in progress.

 

Bačanac, Lj., Milićević-Marinković, B., Kasum, G., & Marinković, M. (2014). Competitive Anxiety, Self-Confidence and Psychological Skills in Top Athletes With and Without Disabilities: A Pilot Study. Facta univeristatis: Series sport and physical education, 12(2), 59-70.

 

Bandura, A. (1989). Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory, American Psychologist, 44, 1175-1184.

 

Barič, R., Vlašić, J., & Cecić-Erpič, S. (2014). Goal orientation and intrinsic motivation for physical education: Does perceived competence matter? Kinesiology, 46(1), 117-126.

 

Bogart, K.R. (2014). The role of disability self-concept in adaptation to congenital or acquired disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59(1), 107-115.

 

Brown, R. (2010). Prejudice in social psychology. 2nd edition. UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

 

Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., Kim, Y., & Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating Autonomy From Individualism and Independence: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on Internalization of Cultural Orientations and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 97-110.

 

Chirkov, V.I., Ryan, R.M., & Wellness, C. (2005). Cultural Context and Psychological Needs in Canada and Brasil: Testing a Self-Determination Approach to Internalization of Cultural Practices, Identity and Well-Being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 423-443.

 

Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96(4), 608-630.

 

DeCharms, R. (1983). Personal Causation, The Internal Affective Determinants of Behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

 

Deci, E.L. (1996). Why We Do What We Do: Understanding Self-Motivation. New York: Penguin Books.

 

Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

 

Dunn, D.S., & Burcaw, S. (2013). Disability identity: Exploring narrative accounts of disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 58(2), 148-157.

 

Erikson, E. (1994). Identity and the life circe. Reissue edition. New York, NY: W.W.Norton & Company, Inc.

 

Gaskina, C., Andersen, M.B., & Morris, T. (2009). Physical activity in the lifeof a woman with severe Cerebral Palsy: Showing competence and beingsocially connected. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 56(3), 285-299.

 

Gibson, B.E., Mistry, B., Smith, B., Yoshida, K.K., Abbott, D., Lindsay, S., & Hamdani, Y. (2014). Becoming man: Gender, disability, and transitioning to adulthood. Health, 18 (1), 95-114.

 

Goodwin, D.L., Krohn, J., & Kuhnle, A. (2004). Beyond the wheelchair: Theexperience of dance. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 21, 229-247.

 

Greenlees, I. (2007). Person perception and sport performance. In: Jowett, S. & Lawallee, D. (Eds). Social Psychology in Sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Feltz, D.L., Short, S.E., & Sullivan, P.J. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaing, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York: Touchstone.

 

Hastorf, A.H., Schneider, D.J., & Polefka, J. (1970). Person perception. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

 

Heider, F. (1958). Perceiving the Other Person.In: Tagiuri, R. & Petrullo, L. (Eds.). Person perception and interpersonal behaviour. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

 

Havelka, N. (1992). Socijalna percepcija [Social perception. In Serbian]. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva.

 

James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology. Vol.1 & Vol.2. At Classics in the History of Psychology, http://psychclassics.yorku.ca

 

Kasum, G. (2015). Sport osoba sa invaliditetom [Sport of persons with disabilities. In Serbian]. Beograd: Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja.

 

Kasum, G., Lazarević, Lj., Jakovljević, S. & Bačanac, Lj. (2011). Personality of male wheelchair basketball players and nonathletes persons with disability. Facta univeristatis: Series sport and physical education, 9(4), 407-415.

 

Lazić, A., & Barić, R. (2013). Doprinos sporta kvaliteti života sportaša s invaliditetom [Contribution of sport to the quality of life of athletes with disabilities. In Croation]. Hrvatski časopis za javno zdravstvo, 9(33). 244-246

 

Martin, J. (2011). Athletes with disabilities. In Morris, T., & Terry, P. (Eds). The new sport and exercise psychology companion. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.

 

Martin, J. (2010). Psychosocial dynamics of youth disability sport. Sport science review, 19(5-6), 49-69.

 

Martin, J.J. (2006). Psychosocial aspects of youth disability sport. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 23, 65-77.

 

Martin, J. (2002). Training and performance self-efficacy, affect, and performance in wheelchair road racers. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 384-395.

 

Martin, J.J., & Smith, K. (2002). Friendship quality in youth disability sport: Perceptions of a best friend. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 19, 472-482.

 

Martin, J.J., Eklund, R.C., & Adams Mushett, C. (1997). Factor structure oftheathletic identity measurement scale with athletes with disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 14, 74-82.

 

Maslov, A.(1982). Motivacija i ličnost [Motivation and personality. In Serbian]. Beograd: Nolit.

 

Mead, G.H. (1934). Mind, Self and the Society From the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

 

Misener, L., & Darcy, S. (2013). Managing disability sport: From athletes with disabilities to inclusive organizational perspectives. Sport Management Review, 17,1-7.

 

Mladenović, M. (2015). Samoopažanje i motivacija za sport kod osoba sa smetnjama i poremećajma u razvoju [Self-perception and motivation for sport for people with disabilities and developmental disorders. In Serbian]. In: Rapaić, D., Nedović, G. Trunić, N., Lazarević, P., Mladenović, M., Lazarević, S., Antić, N., Miletić, M., i Jovanović, J., Pluridisciplinarity of physical culture for people with disabilities and developmental disorders (pp. 58-85). Beograd: Fakultet za fizičku kulturu i menadzment u sportu, Univerziteta Singidunum.

 

Mladenović, M., & Marjanović, A. (2011). Some Differences in Sports Motivation of Young Football Players from Russia, Serbia and Montenegro. SportLogia, 7(2), 145-153.

 

Mladenović, M. (2010a). The link of a coach’s perception of locus of control and his/her approach to athlets. SportLogia, 6(2), 34-41.

 

Mladenović, M. (2010b). Samomotivacija [Self-motivation. In Serbian]. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević.

 

Mladenović, M. (2007). Predstava o sebi i motivacija za rad [The image of self and motivation to work. In Serbian]. Beograd: Zadužbina Andrejević.

 

Olkin, R. (2008). Disability-Affirmative Therapy and case formulation: A template for understanding disability in a clinical context. Counseling & Human Development, 39(8), 1-20.

 

Ostman, M., & Kjellin, L. (2002) Stigma by association: psychological factors in relatives of people with mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 494-498.

 

Perrier, M-J. & Smith, B. (2014). Disability, sport and impaired bodies, a critical approach. In: Schindke, R.T, & McGannon, K.R. The psychology of sub-culture in sport and physical activity: Critical perspectives, (pp. 95-106). London: Routledge.

 

Perrier, M-J., Smith, B., Strachan, S.M. & Latimer-Cheung, A.E. (2014). Narratives of athletic identity after aquiring a permanent physical disability. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31, 106-124.

 

Perić, D., & Tišma, M. (2014). Uloga motoričkog ponašanja dece predškolskog uzrasta u formiranju pojma o sebi [The role of motor behavior of preschool children in the formation of self-concept. In Serbian]. TIMS Acta, 8(1), 31-40.

 

Rogers, K. (1942). Counceling and Psychotherapy: A Newer Concepts in Practice. Chicago: Houghton and Mifflin Company.

 

Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2006). Self-Regulation and the Problem of Human Autonomy: Does Psychology Needs Choice, Self-Determination and Will? Journal of Personality, 74, 1557-1585.

 

Scarpa, S. (2011). Physical self-concept and self-esteem in adolescents and young adults with and without physical disability: the role of sport participation. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 4(1),38-53.

 

Shapiro, J. (1993). No pity: People with disabilities forging a new civil rights movement. New York, NY: Random House, Inc.

 

Shilling, C. (2008). Changing bodies: Habit, crisis and creativity. London: Sage.

 

Smith, B. (2015). Disability, sport and athletic identity: from a paralympicathlete to retirement and a disabled person. In Schmid, O. & Seiler, R. (Eds). Proceedings of 14th European Congress of Sport Psychology: Theories and applications for performance, health and humanity. (pp. 229-230). Bern: University of Bern.

 

Smyth, M.M., & Anderson, H.I. (2000). Coping with clumsiness in the schoolplayground: Social and physical play in children with coordination impairments. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18, 389-413.

 

Stevens, R. (1983). Erik Erikson: An introduction. New York: St. Martin’s.

 

Stewart, R.A., Powell, G.A., & Chetwynd, S.J. (1979). Person perception and stereotyping. England: Saxon House

 

Šiljak, V., Stefanović, Đ., Plakona, E., Kasum, G., & Avdibašić-Vukadinović, N. (2010). Summer paralympic games phenomenon. Physical culture, 64(2), 68-75.