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2019, vol. 14, iss. 45, pp. 87-108
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Communication: Analytical unity of two selections and two constructions
Komunikacija - analitičko jedinstvo dve selekcije i dve konstrukcije
Abstract
The paper is inspired by the discursive-analytical strategy and communicational aspects of Niklas Luhmann's general theory of social systems as well as the conclusions of the Arizona State University Consortium for Strategic Communication. The CSC notes that communication based on the "message influence" model has become dysfunctional and therefore they propose a "pragmatic complexity model" which is primarily drawn from the perspective of new systems presented by Niklas Luhmann. It is no longer a question of "how to construct a more influential message", but "what kind of reality has a particular system that we want to influence constructed for itself." for these reasons, from the broad field of communication science I differentiate the segment related to the study of strategic models for managing public communications with individuals, groups and communities (propaganda, public relations, political marketing). I suggest a distinctive name for this area - Impactology. I then elaborate on the understanding and definition of communication as a symbolic coordination of sense, which, analytically stratified, consists of two selections and two constructions. The alter selects the data and constructs the utterance, and the Ego selects the utterance and constructs the understanding (by selecting meaning, contextual interpretation and attributing sense). Thus viewed, every communicational event (commevent) is bidirectional and presents a particular negotiation of sense in which both parties equally participate. This dismisses Berlo's SMCR model inspired by Shannon and Weaver as inadequate in the hypercomplex and multi-contextual contemporary world.
Sažetak
Rad je inspirisan diskurzivno-analitičkom strategijom i komunikološkim aspektima opšte teorije društvenih sistema Niklasa Lumana, kao i zaključcima Konzorcijuma za strateško komuniciranje (Consortium for Strategic Communication), think tank organizacije Arizona State University. CSC uočava da je komunikacija zasnovana na "message influence" modelu postala disfunkcionalna, pa stoga predlažu "model pragmatske kompleksnosti", prevashodno na osnovu perspektive novih sistema Niklasa Lumana. Nije više pitanje "kako da konstruišemo uticajniju poruku", nego "koju vrstu stvarnosti je određeni sistem, na koji želimo da utičemo, konstruisao za sebe". Iz tih razloga, iz širokog polja komunikologije izdvajam onaj segment koji se odnosi na proučavanje planskih i strateških programa za usmeravanje javnog komuniciranja s pojedincima, grupama i zajednicama (propaganda, odnosi s javnošću, politički marketing). Za tu oblast predlažem poseban naziv - impaktologija. Potom elaboriram shvatanje i definisanje komunikacije kao simboličkog usklađivanja smisla koje se, analitički raslojeno, sastoji iz dve selekcije i dve konstrukcije. Alter selektuje podatak i konstruiše saopštenje, a Ego selektuje saopštenje i konstruiše razumevanje (selekcijom značenja, kontekstualne interpretacije i pripisivanjem smisla). Tako posmatran, svaki komunikacijski događaj (komevent) je dvosmeran - svojevrsno pregovaranje o smislu u kojem jednako aktivno učestvuju obe strane. Time se Berlov SMCR model, inspirisan Šenonom i Viverom, odbacuje kao neadekvatan u hiperkompleksnom i multikontekstualnom savremenom svetu.
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