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2015, vol. 143, br. 7-8, str. 423-428
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Parametri anaerobnog fiziološkog profila vrhunskih sportista
Parameters of anaerobic physiological profile of elite athletes
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra za fiziologiju
Sažetak
Uvod Testovi za procenu anaerobnog kapaciteta imaju poseban značaj u sportskoj medicini, jer postoji mnogo manje podataka i istraživanja u ovoj oblasti u poređenju s merenjem aerobnih sposobnosti. Anaerobni test Wingate (WAnT) osmišljen je kao najpogodniji za dobijanje informacija o anaerobnim metaboličkim putevima. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se procene i uporede anaerobne sposobnosti (anaerobna snaga i anaerobni kapacitet) vrhunskih sportista primenom testa Wingate, kao i da se uvede novi parametar (eksplozivna snaga) koji bi dopunio anaerobni fiziološki profil ovih sportista. Metode rada Ispitivanu grupu su činila 152 mlada muškarca, različitih fizičkih sposobnosti i sportskih specijalnosti: 31 nesportista, 34 rukometaša, 24 džudista, 37 odbojkaša i 26 veslača. Kod svih ispitanika urađena su osnovna antropometrijska merenja, nakon čega je primenjen test Wingate za procenu anaerobnih sposobnosti. Rezultati Analizom dobijenih podataka utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika (p<0,05) u izmerenim vrednostima između sportista i nesportista, kao i unutar grupe sportista uključenih u anaerobne i aerobne sportove. Najviše vrednosti anaerobne snage u apsolutnim (AP=1006 W) i relativnim vrednostima (AP=11,4 W/kg) ostvarili su odbojkaši, a kod ove grupe zabeležene su i najviše vrednosti anaerobnog kapaciteta (AC=19,8 kJ) i apsolutne i relativne eksplozivne snage (EP=154 W/s; relativna EP=1,74 W/s/kg). Izmerene razlike bile su statistički značajne (p<0,05). Zaključak Izmerene razlike u vrednostima parametara anaerobnog testa Wingate mogle bi se objasniti intenzitetom i vrstom fizičke aktivnosti, a procena eksplozivne snage, kao novog parametra testa, ima veliki praktični značaj u proceni trenažnog procesa, kao i za selekciju u sportu.
Abstract
Introduction Anaerobic capacity is much less evaluated in literature compared to aerobic component. Anaerobic performance of athletes can be measured using different motoric tests, lasting 20 to 30 seconds, one of them being the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Objective The aim of this study was to determine the work performed and power generated by athletes and non-athletes during a 30-second high intensity exercise, as well as to compare explosive characteristics of subjects using a new parameter of WAnT, named explosive power, or slope of power. Methods All parameters of anaerobic power were investigated in 152 subjects classed into different groups depending on their physical fitness and sport specialties as follows: non-athletes (n=31), rowers (n=26), volleyball players (n=37), handball players (n=34) and judo players (n=24). The WAnT, as well as basic anthropometric measurements, was administrated to all participants. Results Values of anaerobic parameters were higher in the group of athletes compared to physically inactive subjects. The highest values of the WAnT parameters were registered in the group of volleyball players (AP=1006 W; relative AP=11.4 W/ kg, AC=19.8 kJ), compared to athletes of other sport disciplines (volleyball, rowing and judo). The new parameter of the WAnT, explosive power, also showed highest values in volleyball players (EP=154 W/s; relative EP=1.74 W/s/kg). These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion The results of laboratory tests can provide useful information on improvements in training processes. The new parameter of the WAnT could be implemented in further analyses of explosive characteristics of muscle contraction.
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