2020, vol. 49, br. 2, str. 10-23
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Importovana malarija na području Beograda u periodu od 2014. do 2018. godine
Imported malaria on the territory of Belgrade from 2014 to 2018
Ključne reči: importovana malarija; incidencija; endemski regioni
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: U bivšoj Jugoslaviji eradikacija malarije zvanično je potvrđena od strane Svetske zdravstvene organizacije 1974. godine. Od tada u Srbiji se registruju samo importovani slučajevi malarije. Cilj ovog rada je da se analiziraju epidemiološke karakteristike importovane malarije na području Beograda u periodu od 2014. do 2018. godine. Metode: Primenjena je deskriptivna epidemiološka studija. Podaci o broju novoobolelih od importovane malarije po polu, uzrastu i regionu odakle je malarija importovana, za navedeni period, preuzeti su iz Gradskog zavoda za javno zdravlje Beograd. U analizi podataka korišćene su proporcije, sirove i uzrasnospecifične stope incidencije. Rezultati: U periodu 2014-2018. godine, na području Beograda registrovano je 77 novoobolelih od importovane malarije, a prosečna sirova stopa incidencije iznosila je 0,9 na 100.000 stanovnika. Najveći broj obolelih (28) i najveća sirova stopa incidencije (1,7/100.000) importovane malarije zabeleženi su u 2017. godini, a najmanji broj obolelih (7) i najmanja sirova stopa incidencije (4,0/100.000) u 2014. i 2018. godini. Muškarci (89,6%) su češće obolevali od importovane malarije nego žene (10,4%). Najveća uzrasno specifična stopa incidencije importovane malarije registrovana je u uzrasnoj grupi od 10 do 19 godina (3,5/100.000). P. vivax (45,4%) i P. falciparum (37,7%) su bili najčešći uzročnici importovane malarije u Beogradu. Oko 88% importovanih slučajeva malarije činile su osobe koje su boravile u endemskim područjima Azije i Afrike. Najveći broj obolelih od importovane malarije navodi migraciju (44,2%) i odlazak zbog posla (39,0%) kao razloge putovanja u endemska područja. Oboljenje se registruje tokom čitave godine, sa pikom obolevanja u mesecu avgustu (19,5%). Zaključak: Neophodno je kontinuirano zdravstveno vaspitanje stanovništva, u cilju edukacije stanovništva o načinu prenošenja malarije i neophodnosti primene mera prevencije tokom boravka u zemljama gde se endemski održava malarija.
Abstract
Introduction/Aim: In the former Yugoslavia, malaria eradication was officially confirmed by the World Health Organization in 1974. Since then, only imported cases of malaria have been recorded in Serbia. The aim of this study was to analyze epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria on the territory of Belgrade from 2014 to 2018. Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was applied. Data on the number of newly diagnosed patients with imported malaria by gender, age and region from which malaria was imported, for the specified period were taken from the Institute of Public Health of Belgrade. Proportional, crude and age-specific incidence rates were used in the data analysis. Results: There were 77 cases of imported malaria registered on the territory of Belgrade from 2014 to 2018, and the average crude incidence rate was 0.9/100,000. The highest number of patients (28) and the highest incidence rate (1.7/100,000) of imported malaria were registered in 2017, and the lowest number of patients (7) and the lowest incidence rate (0.4/100,000) were registered in 2014 and 2018. This disease was more common among men (89.6%) than among women (10.4%). The highest age-specific rate of imported malaria was registered in the age group of 10-19 years (3.5/100,000). P. vivax (45.4%) and P. falciparum (37.7%) were the most frequent causative agents of imported malaria in Belgrade. About 88% of imported malaria cases were from people living in endemic areas of Asia and Africa. The largest number of newly diseased cases of imported malaria stated migration (44.2%) and work (39.0%) as the reason for their stay in endemic regions. The condition is registered throughout the year, with the peak of the disease in August (19.5%). Conclusion: It is necessary to continuously improve the health education of the population, in order to educate population about the manner of transmission of malaria, and to apply measures of prevention during their stay in endemic countries.
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