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Istorijske osobenosti nastanka olimpijskog usmerenja fizičke kulture u Ukrajini
Historical preconditions of the origin of self-Olympic direction of physical culture in Ukraine
Ključne reči: masovna fizička kultura; samo-olimpijski pokret; pokazatelji fizičkog razvoja i odstupanja u zdravlju
Keywords: mass physical culture; self-Olympic movement; indicators of physical development; and deviations in health
Sažetak
Ovaj rad posvećen je istraživanju istorijskih preduslova za nastanak takvog specifičnog smera masovne fizičke kulture kao što je samoolimpijski pokret u Ukrajini, posebno u Kijevu, Lvovu i Harkovu. Na osnovu rezultata analize naučne literature, kao i primene metode istorijskog pregleda, došli smo do zaključka da su u nekim regionima Ukrajine tokom istorijskog procesa sazreli prirodni preduslovi, doprinoseći nastanku i razvoju takve specifične vrste masovne fizičke kulture kao što je samo-olimpijski pokret. Kao rezultat proučavanja statističkih podataka prikupljanih tokom više godina, ustanovljeno je da u nekim regionima Ukrajine postoji tendencija postepenog povećanja broja dece koja pate od određenih hroničnih bolesti, ili imaju određena odstupanja u svom zdravstvenom stanju. Upotreba standardnih programa fizičkog vežbanja za takvu decu nije preporučljiva, jer je razvoj ovih programa sproveden uzimajući u obzir mogućnosti zdrave dece i njihova primena sa decom sa patološkim promenama na telu može doprineti napredovanju njihovih bolesti, a u nekim slučajevima dovode do ozbiljnih komplikacija, sve do smrtnog ishoda. Dakle, postojala je očigledna potreba za naučnim utemeljenjem, razvojem i upotrebom posebnih programa fizičkog vežbanja dece sa odstupanjima u zdravstvenom stanju, čiji je cilj postizanje skladnog fizičkog razvoja bolesne dece, uprkos prisustvu patoloških promena na njihovom telu. Jedan od načina da se reši ovaj hitni problem bio je ustanovljenje takozvanog samo-olimpijskog pokreta. Suština ovog pokreta bila je u tome što su u specijalnim centrima za samo-olimpijsko obrazovanje, organizovanih na medicinskim univerzitetima i univerzitetima fizičkog vaspitanja i sporta, medicinski specijalisti kao i instruktori fizičkog vaspitanja koristili posebne komplekse fizičkih vežbi, koji su se sistematski sprovodili s bolesnom decom. Ove vežbe osmišljene su tako da ne pogoršavaju stanje bolesnog deteta i ne povećavaju rizik od komplikacija bolesti, već mu pomažu da postigne stanje harmoničnog fizičkog razvoja, uprkos prisustvu patoloških abnormalnosti na telu. Tokom ovih aktivnosti svako dete nastoji postići najbolje pokazatelje svog fizičkog razvoja pa se tako čini da se deca ne takmiče sa drugim sportistima, već sa sopstvenim organizmom, pokušavajući da tako postave svoje lične rekorde u borbi protiv bolesti. Stoga se ova vrsta aktivnosti naziva samo-olimpijski pokret.
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the historical prerequisites for the emergence of such a specific direction of mass physical culture as the self-Olympic movement in Ukraine, in particular, in Kiev, Lvov and Kharkov regions. Based on the results of the analysis of scientific literature, as well as the application of the historical review method, we came to the conclusion that in certain regions of Ukraine in the course of the historical process natural preconditions matured, contributing to the emergence and development of such a specific type of mass physical culture, such as the self-Olympic movement. As a result of studying statistical data accumulated over many years, it was found that in some regions of Ukraine there is a tendency to a gradual increase in the number of children suffering from certain chronic diseases or having certain deviations in their state of health. The use of standard physical training programs for such children is not advisable, since the development of these programs was carried out taking into account the capabilities of healthy children and their use for children with pathological changes in the body can contribute to the progression of their diseases, and in some cases lead to serious complications up to lethal outcome. Thus, it became obvious the need for scientific substantiation, development and use of special physical training programs for children with deviations in health status, aimed at achieving harmonious physical development of sick children, despite the presence of pathological changes in their body. One of the ways to solve this urgent problem was the birth of the so-called self-Olympic movement. The essence of this movement was that in conditions of special centers for self-Olympic education, organized on the basis of medical universities and universities of physical education and sport, medical specialists, as well as physical training instructors systematically conducted with sick children, during who used special complexes of physical exercises. These exercises were designed in such a way as not to aggravate the condition of the sick child and not to increase the risk of complications of the disease, but to help him achieve a state of harmonious physical development, despite the presence of pathological abnormalities in the body. During these activities, each child seeks to achieve the best indicators of their physical development. He seems to be competing not with other athletes, but with his own organism, trying to set his personal records in the fight against the disease. Therefore, this type of activity was called the self-Olympic movement.
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