2010, vol. 36, br. 4, str. 438-446
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Primena toplotne pumpe u stočarstvu
Usage of heat pump in livestock husbandry
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
e-adresa: zormi@polj.uns..ac.rs
Sažetak
Radi uštede i racionalnog koršćenja energije, sve veća pažnja posvećuje se upotrebi toplotnih pumpi. Proizvođači i propagatori sistema toplotne pumpe akumulirali su pouzdana iskustva njihovog korišćenja u formi snabdevača toplote za domaćinstva, uglavnom putem sistema toplog poda. Moguća je upotreba toplotne energije dobijene toplotnom pumpom za različite procese u poljoprivredi, uključujući prasad, kako u prasilištima, tako i odgajivalištima, radi zagrevanja njihovih odmarališta. Na osnovu različitih eksploatacionih uslova u stanarskim i objektima za krupnu stoku, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značaj pažljive procene tipa toplotne pumpe za upotrebu, posebno u oborima za uzgoj svinja. Najesencijalniji faktor, koji deluje na efektivnost operativnosti toplotne pumpe, jeste temperatura zagrevne površine stambenih prostora zagrevanih sistemom toplog poda 25-30°C, dok je za odmarališna mesta prasadi zagrevana betonskim podnim panelom u okviru limita 35-40°C. Za povećanje koeficijenta efikasnosti vazdušne toplotne pumpe, od posebnog interesa je regulacija mikroklimata u stočarskim objektima. U tu svrhu, od posebnog interesa je upotreba vlažnih filtera za vazduh sa niskim padom pritiska. Pored mogućnosti redukcije opasnosti od mikroorganizama, organske i mineralne prašine, u interakciji sa toplotnom pumpom, moguće su značajne uštede toplotne energije, poboljšanja outputa tehnološkog procesa sa povišenjem kvaliteta baznog proizvoda i zaštite životne sredine.
Abstract
In order to save and rationally use energy, the usage of heat pumps is getting ever more attention. Producers and distributors of heat pump systems have accumulated certain experience when it comes to using them for individual house heat supply, mainly in the form of floor heating. However, it is possible to use the heat energy obtained by a heat pump for different processes within agricultural production, including the heating of protected spaces for piglets (sucklings and weaned). Research results have established that different exploitation conditions in dwelling houses and live-stock premises demand careful estimation of heat pump type to be used in the pigsty. The more essential factor effecting the heat pump operation is the temperature of the heating surface, which for the floor heating in general, ranges between 25-30°C, but in the case of piglets and concrete floor panels, this temperature should range between 35-40°C. To increase the efficiency rate of heat pump, of particular interest is the microclimate control in livestock husbandry buildings. For that purpose, specially important is the usage of wet scrubber systems for air purification with low pressure drop. Besides the possibility of reducing the risk of microorganisms, organic and mineral dust, in interaction with heat pump, it is also possible to significantly increase energy saving, and improve the technological process output by increasing the quality of basic product and environment protection.
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