2009, vol. 25, br. 5-6-2, str. 1233-1239
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Prinos i hemijski sastav žetvenih ostataka ježevice (Dactylis glomerata L.) u zavisnosti od primene mineralnih hraniva i vegetacionog prostora
Yield and chemical composition of orchard grass harvest remains-straw (Dactylis glomerata L.) depending on the vegetation space and application of mineral fertilizers
Sažetak
Prilikom proizvodnje semena krmnih trava ostaje izvesna količina žetvenih ostataka. Ježevica je vodeća krmna trava, kako po potrebama za semenom, tako i po količini i udelu lista u žetvenim ostacima, odnosno po kvalitetu žetvenih ostataka. Pravilan izbor vegetacionog prostora i primena mineralnih đubriva su ključni faktori za visok prinos i semena i žetvenih ostataka. U praksi vlada mišljenje da su ovi žetveni ostaci veoma lošeg kvaliteta, odnosno u hranljivom pogledu bezvredni, druga mišljenja su da mogu biti značajna kabasta hrana za ishranu junadi, ovaca i koza, odnosno kategorija životinja gde su zahtevi za kvalitetom hraniva niži. U radu je prikazan prinos žetvenih ostataka (t ha-1) i procentualni udeo lista u odnosu na druge delove biljke. Hemijske analize lista (SP, NDF, ADF, hemiceluloze, lignin) i drugih delova biljke pokazuju da su ovo solidna hraniva za kategorije životinja sa nižim zahtevom kvaliteta. Primena različitih mineralnih hraniva kao i vegetacioni prostori su značajno uticali na prinos žetvenih ostataka i procentualni udeo lista. Na ostale praćene pokazatelje kvaliteta uticaj primene mineralnih hraniva i vegetacionih prostora nisu pokazali statistički značajne razlike.
Abstract
In the process of forage-blade perennial grass seed production, a certain amount of harvest remains-straw is gained. Orchard grass is the most prominent species of the forage plants, due to seed requirements and the amount of straw per harvest and the leaf ratio in the yield. The proper choice of vegetation spacing and the application of mineral fertilizers are the key factors for high yield of both seed and harvest remains. There are several opinions about the quality of harvest remains. According to some authors this straw is worthless and should not be used for livestock nutrition. Another opinion is that this feed has poor nutritive value, but may be significant bulk feed for livestock, such as calves, with lower nutrient requirements. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the yield and the composition of harvest remains of orchard grass. The gained harvest remains of orchard grass is of poor quality. However it can be used as the bulk feed where the concentrated feed is dominant, such is the calf fattening. The vegetation space has the significant influence on the content of ADF and NDF in leaf and on the content of NDF in the stem. The application of mineral fertilizers, also, has the significant influence on the yield of harvest remains, on the content of ADF and NDF in leaf and on the content of crude protein and NDF in the stem. So, the proper using of mineral fertilizers can affect the seed yield and, also, the yield and quality of harvest remains.
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