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2011, vol. 64, br. 7-8, str. 423-427
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Istorijsko-medicinski pregled obolevanja vojskovođa, vladara i državnika od sifilisa
Historical and medical review of syphilis-afflicted army leaders, rulers and statesmen
aMedicinska škola Zvezdara, Institut za mikrobiologiju i imunologiju, Beograd bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet
e-adresa: bobadi@sezampro.rs
Sažetak
Sifilis je bolest koja je promenila tok svetske istorije. To je seksualno prenosiva infekcija koju izaziva bakterija spiralnog oblika Treponema pallidum. Bolest se javljala pod različitim nazivima u prošlosti i imala značajno mesto u istoriji i literaturi tokom poslednjih nekoliko stotina godina. Od pojave prvih slučajeva sifilisa u XV veku u Evropi, ova bolest je tokom prošlosti bila predmet mnogih misterija i legendi. Smatra se da su je doneli Kolumbo i njegovi mornari iz Amerike na povratku u Evropu. Nakon toga, tokom istorije, za mnoge poznate ličnosti smatra se da su bolovale od sifilisa, poput političkih figura (Šarl VIII, kraljica Meri, Ekaterina Velika, Pavle I, Vladimir Lenjin), muzičara i književnika. Sifilis je hronično oboljenje, koje ako se ne leči prolazi kroz nekoliko stadijuma sa različitim manifestacijama na većem broju organa. Kongenitalni sifilis je poseban klinički entitet, a posledica je nelečene ili neotkrivene sifilistične infekcije trudnice. Sifilis postoji i danas i Svetska zdravstvena organizacija izveštava o oko 12 miliona novih slučajeva sifilisa godišnje. Iako je eradikacija sifilisa biološki moguća, političke, kulturne i logističke teškoće je otežavaju i čine manje verovatnom. Nažalost, umesto da bude polno prenosiva infekcija od istorijskog značaja, sifilis još uvek, naročito u eri infekcije HIV-om, nastavlja da prkosi istraživačima i lekarima.
Abstract
Syphilis has changed the course of history. It is a sexually transmitted disease caused by spiral-shaped bacterium, Treponema pallidum The disease has been known under many names during history, and has had a prominent role in history and literature for the last several hundred years. Since its recognition in 15th-century Europe as a new disease, syphilis has been the subject of great mystery and legends. Many believe that syphilis was brought to Europe by Columbus and his sailors, and, thereafter, many famous persons, such as political figures (King Charles VIII, Queen Mary I, Catherine the Great, Paul I, Vladimir Lenin), musicians and literary greats suffered from syphilis. Syphilis is a chronic, multistage disease with diverse and wide-ranging manifestations. Congenital syphilis is of particular concern, where the lack of prenatal testing and antibiotic treatment of infected pregnant women results in congenital infection of the fetus. Syphilis exists even nowadays and according to the World Health Organization estimates, there are 12 million new cases of syphilis occurring each year. While syphilis eradication seems a biologically plausible goal, the major political, cultural, and logistic difficulties involved make it unlikely. Regrettably, rather than becoming an infection of historical significance, syphilis continues to challenge researchers and clinicians in the era of HIV.
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