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2011, vol. 64, br. 9-10, str. 477-480
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Klasične i molekularne metode u dijagnostici infekcije Hlamidijom trahomatis
Classical and molecular methods for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections
aKlinički centar Srbije, Klinika za ginekologiju i akušerstvo, Beograd
bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za mikrobiologiju i imunologiju
Sažetak
Genitalna infekcija Hlamidijom trahomatis najčešća je bakterijska polno prenosiva infekcija u razvijenim zemljama, posebno česta kod mlađih osoba. Komplikacije nelečene infekcije Hlamidijom trahomatis obuhvataju pelvično inflamatorno oboljenje, vanmateričnu trudnoću i infertilitet. Metode koje se koriste u dijagnostici hlamidijskih infekcija obuhvataju kultivisanje u kulturi ćelija, tehniku direktne imunofluorescencije, enzimski imunski esej, tehnike hibridizacije nukleinskih kiselina i reakciju lančanog umnožavanja nukleinskih kiselina. Tehnike umnožavanja nukleinskih kiselina koriste različite regione ribonukelinske i dezoksiribonukleinske kiseline kao ciljne molekule za umnožavanje ribonukelinske ili dezoksiribonukleinske kiseline Hlamidije trahomatis u kliničkim uzorcima. Tehnike umnožavanja nukleinskih kiselina pokazuju veću osetljivost u poređenju s drugim metodama. Iako skrining programi već postoje u nekim zemljama, kontinuiran porast incidencije hlamidijskih infekcija ukazuje na potrebu za definisanjem kako najbolje dijagnostičke metode, tako i populacije osoba kod kojih bi se skrining vršio.
Abstract
Introduction. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in industrial countries, particularly among young people. The consequences of chlamydial infections may involve pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility. Methods. Available tests for detection of chlamydia in men and women include culture in tissue culture cells, direct immunofluorescence test, enzyme immune assay, nucelic acid probe hibridization and polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic acid amplification tests use different ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acid regions as target molecules for amplifying Chlamydia trachomatis ribonucleic/deoxyribonucleic acid in clinical samples. Nucleic acid amplification tests are more sensitive than non-nucleic acid amplification tests. Conclusion. Although screening programmes exist in a number of countries, the continuously increasing prevalence of chlamydial infections demonstrates the necessity for defining the best method for the diagnosis and the population for screening.
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