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Psihijatrija danas
2011, vol. 43, br. 1, str. 95-110
jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: članak

Komorbiditet u psihijatriji razvojnog doba - slučajnost ili realnost
aMedicinski fakultet, Beograd + Institut za mentalno zdravlje, Beograd
bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za mentalno zdravlje

e-adresa: s.popovicdeusic@imh.org.rs

Sažetak

Razvojnu psihijatriju karakterišu specifičnosti u prezentaciji simptoma, koje su u velikoj meri razvojno uslovljene i u visokoj zavisnosti od sredinskih faktora. Zbog toga dijagostikovanje i klasifikacija u dečjoj i adolescentnoj psihijatriji treba da prepoznaju ove posebnosti i da razvijaju pristup koji će biti na ličnost orijentisan a ne samo na dijagnozu. Postojanje komorbiditeta u razvojnoj psihijatriji više je pravilo nego slučajnost. Najviše izučavani hiperkinetski sindrom sa poremećajem pažnje (ADHD) ima značajan komorbiditet sa poremećajem ponašanja, depresivnošću i anksioznošću. Prevalenca komorbiditeta mentalnih poremećaja kod dece sa mentalnom retardacijom je visoka i kreće se od 25-70%, što zavisi od metodologije, dijagnostičke definicije i ispitivane populacije. Spektar autističnih poremećaja često je udružen sa mentalnom retardacijom, ADHD-om, tikovima, gastrointestinalnim poremećajima, shizofrenijom. Shizofrenija sa ranim početkom često koegzistira sa ADHD-om, poremećajem ponašanja, depresijom. Prepoznavanje komorbiditeta olakšava izbor terapije i utiče na tok i prognozu problema mentalnog zdravlja.

Ključne reči

razvojna psihijatrija; komorbiditet; ADHD; autizam; shizofrenija

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