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2015, vol. 60, iss. 3, pp. 369-380
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The possibility of crop cultivation and utilization of edible gum from herb (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) in dryland farming
Mogućnost uzgajanja i iskorišćavanja jestive gume iz biljke (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) u uslovima suvog ratarenja
Istraživački centar za poljoprivredne i prirodne resurse u Mešhedu, Mešhed, Iran
email: mfaravani@gmail.com
Project: Khorasan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center
Ključne reči: ammoniacum; guma; uzgajanje useva
Abstract
Gum ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) is one of the most important food, industrial and medicinal plants of Iran which is mainly distributed in semi-arid and desert areas. It is endangered due to superfluous and unsustainable harvesting methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of crop cultivation in terms of dryland farming and the best operation method for collecting gum resin. For this purpose, the effects of different scarification methods (traditional, concave and staircase) and cut-off frequencies (5, 10 and 13 times) on gum yield of the five-year-old plants were studied at Toroq farm in Mashhad. The treatments were studied under a split plot structure in time experiment which was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The rate of the root gum production and the rate of plant survival in the years after the withdrawal were measured, and finally the data were analyzed. Results showed no significant differences among cutting methods at p<0.05. The yield of gum was affected by times of harvesting and the highest yield was observed (p<0.01) in 13 cut-off times with 31.67 g/plant. The lowest gum yields were seen in 5 cut-off times with 5.84 g/plant. The traditional cutting method destroyed crown buds and caused the death of the plant (p<0.01). Reasonable gum yields and plant regeneration rates were obtained with the use of stairs method which is an easy method to be applied by the farmers or beneficiaries.
Sažetak
Guma ammoniacum (Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) je jedna od najvažnijih prehrambenih, industrijskih i lekovitih biljaka u Iranu koja je uglavnom rasprostranjena u semiaridnim i pustinjskim regionima. Ugrožena je usled neracionalnih mera ubiranja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se proceni mogućnost uzgajanja ovog useva u uslovima suvog ratarenja i ispitivanja najboljeg metoda rada za sakupljanje smole gume. Stoga su proučavani uticaji različitih metoda skarifikacije - zasecanja (tradicionalni, konkavni, stepenasti) i učestalosti zasecanja (5, 10 i 13 puta) na prinos gume petogodišnjih biljaka na farmi Torok u Mešhedu. Tretmani su ispitivani u eksperimentu postavljenom po planu podeljenih parcela koje su raspoređene po potpuno slučajnom rasporedu u tri ponavljanja. Mereni su uspešnost proizvodnje gume iz korena i stepen preživljavanja biljaka u godinama posle zasecanja, a dobijeni podaci su analizirani. Rezultati istraživanja nisu pokazali značajne razlike među metodama zasecanja (p<0,05). Prinos gume je bio uslovljen učestalošću zasecanja i najviši prinos je dobijen (p<0,01) kod 13 zasecanja sa 31,67 g/biljci. Najniži prinosi gume su dobijeni kod 5 zasecanja sa 5,84 g/biljci. Tradicionalan metod zasecanja je uništio pupoljke i izazvao uginuće biljke (p<0,01). Odgovarajući prinosi gume i stepen regeneracije biljaka koji su bili postignuti upotrebom metode stepenastog zasecanja, te mogućnost jednostavne primene ovog metoda uzgoja preporučuju ga za poljoprivrednu (farmersku) proizvodnju i ostale korisnike.
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