2020, vol. 45, br. 4, str. 162-166
|
|
Od Braja do prvog srpskog bukvara za slepe
From Louis Braille to the first Serbian spelling book for the blind
aUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet + Klinički centar Niš, Klinika za očne bolesti bKlinički centar Niš, Centar za radiologiju
e-adresa: gordanasb@mts.rs
Sažetak
UVOD. Slepilo je višestruki problem psihološko-ekonomsko-socijalne prirode, sagledavan iz različitih uglova kroz vekove. Luj Braj je tvorac pisma koje je slepim osobama širom sveta omogućilo opismenjavanje i obrazovana. ŽIVOT I DELO LUJ BRAJA. Slep od treće godine života posle povrede oka šilom, Luj Braj (1809-1852) je rano bio u prilici da upozna mogućnosti obrazovanja slepih osoba. Ipak, njegov blagovremeno prepoznat talenat i želja za usvajanjem novih znanja, omogućiće mu da pohađa "Kraljevski institut za slepu omladinu" u Parizu, gde se mladi Braj dalje školuje, stvara, živi, a kasnije postaje i predavač. PRETHODNICA BRAJEVOM PISMU. Do nastanka Brajevog pisma, za obrazovana slepih koristilo se reljefno linearno pismo. NASTANAK BRAJEVOG PISMA. Susret sa francuskim kapetanom Šarl Barbijeom (1821) i upoznavanje sa njegovim sistemom komunikacije za potrebe vojnika nazvanim "noćno pisanje", bio je polazna osnova za buduće Brajevo pismo (1825), metod tačkastog alfabeta za potrebe slepih osoba, koje je autor adaptirao i za pisanje muzike i matematičkih simbola (1837). Ovaj alfabet odabran je za zvanični metod čitanja i pisanja namenjen slepim osobama tek 1878. godine na svetskom kongresu u Parizu, a kasnije adaptiran na više od dve stotine jezika i dijalekata. BRAJEVO PISMO JE 1917. "PROGOVORILO" ĆIRILICOM. Počeci obrazovana slepih u Srbiji vezuju se za 1917. godinu i Bizertu, gde je u sklopu rehabilitacije slepih vojnika invalida, prvi put u "Štampariji srpskih invalida", Brajevo pismo "progovorilo" ćirilicom. "Moje prvo radovanje" je naziv prvog srpskog bukvara Veljka Ramadanovića (1874-1943), koji je u to vreme jedini poznavao pedagoški rad sa slepima, bio njihov prvi učitelj i budući upravnik škole. ZAKLjUČAK. Luj Braj je jedna od najinventivnijih ličnosti u istoriji. Tvorac je pisma koje je slepim osobama širom sveta omogućilo opismenjavanje i obrazovana, kao i našoj, hrabroj srpskoj vojsci tokom Prvog svetskog rata.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Blindness is a multiple problem of a psychological-economic-social nature, viewed from different points through the centuries. Louis Braille is the creator of the letter that enabled blind people around the world to become literate and educated. THE LIFE and WORK of Louis BRAILLE. Blind from the age of three after an eye injury with an awl, Louis Braille (1809-1852) had the opportunity to learn about the possibilities of educating blind people early on. However, his talent, recognized in time and a desire to acquire new knowledge, will enable him to attend the "Royal Institute for Blind Youth" in Paris, where young Braille continues his education, creation, living, and later became a lecturer. A PRECURSOR to BRAILLE. Until the creation of the Braille script, a relief linear script was used to educate the blind. THE ORIGIN of BRAILLE. The meeting with the French captain Charles Barbie (1821), the introduction to the communication system for the needs of soldiers "night writing", was the starting point for the future Braille (1825), a dotted alphabet method for the blind, which the author adapted later for writing music and mathematical symbols (1837). The Braille alphabet was chosen as the official method of reading and writing intended for blind people only in 1878 at the World Congress in Paris, and later on adapted to more than two hundred languages and dialects. IN 1917, BRAILLE "SPOKE" IN CYRILLIC. The beginnings of the education of the blind in Serbia are related to 1917 and Bizerte, where, as part of the rehabilitation of the blind Serb soldiers with disabilities, for the first time in the "Printing House of Serbian Disabled People", the Braille "spoke" in Cyrillic. "my first joy" is the name of the first Serbian spelling book by Veljko Ramadanović (1874-1943), who at that time was the only one who knew pedagogical work with the blind, and was also their first teacher and future school principal. CONCLUSION. Louis Braille is one of the most inventive personalities in history, the creator of the letter that enabled blind people around the world to become literate and educated, as well as our brave Serbian army during the First World War.
|