2012, br. 61, str. 353-372
|
|
Zaštita novinarskih izvora u funkciji ostvarivanja slobode izražavanja
The protection of journalists' source of information in the function of exercising the freedom of expression
Niš
Sažetak
U uvodnom delu govori se o značaju slobode izražavanja za ostvarivanje svih proklamovanih ljudskih prava i njihovoj implementaciji, a sve u cilju ostvarenja istinske demokratije, vladavine prava i uravnoteženosti odnosa između proklamovanih prava i sloboda i njihovog ostvarivanja u praksi. Da bi se ostvarila potreba društva da na odgovarajući način preko slobodnog i nezavisnog novinarstva bude obaveštavano o stvarima od javnog interesa, između ostalih uslova, nužno je na globalnom i nacionalnim nivoima obezbediti adekvatnu zaštitu 'izvora informacija novinara'. Kako se ostvarivanjem slobode izražavanja kroz saopštavanje informacija često dolazi u koliziju sa drugim proklamovanim i zaštićenim pravima i slobodama kao što je pravo na privatnost i dr, to je neophodno s jedne strane omogućiti novinaru da dolazi do informacija a s druge strane zaštiti pojedinca i njegovu privatnost. Traženje balansa između prava javnosti na informacije i prava pojedinaca na zaštitu svoje privatnosti i drugih prava predmet je pravnog i političkog regulisanja međunarodne zajednice i nacionalnih zakonodavstava, ali i zaštite Komiteta za prava čoveka UN, Evropskog suda za ljudska prava i nacionalnih sudova. U cilju razrade ove kompleksne teme obrađen je veći broj međunarodnih pravnih i političkih akata u kojima se regulišu nosioci prava na zaštitu novinarskog izvora sa obradom pojmova: novinar, informacija, informacija koja identifikuje izvor, zatim načela na kojima počiva zaštita izvora informisanja, ograničenja prava na zaštitu izvora informisanja i sudska praksa i precendentni stavovi Evropskog suda za zaštitu ljudskih prava iz ove oblasti.
Abstract
In the introductory part of this article, the author points to the importance of the freedom of expression for exercising all the proclaimed human rights and their implementation, which is essential for attaining true democracy, the rule of law and a balanced relation between the proclaimed rights and freedoms and their implementation in practice. In order to satisfy the need of the society to be properly informed about the matters of public interest by exercising free and independent journalism, it is necessary inter alia to provide for an adequate protection of journalists’ sources of information both at the global and national level. Given the fact that the exercise of freedom of expression is often in collision with other proclaimed and protected rights and freedoms (for example, the right to privacy), it is necessary to enable the journalist to gather and communicate information as well as to protect the privacy of an individual. The quest for balance between the right of the public to be informed and the right of an individual to protect one’s privacy and other rights is the subject matter of normative and political regulation of the international community and the national legislations, as well as of the UN Human Rights Committee, the European Court of Human Rights and national courts. For the purpose of elaborating on this complex topic, the author discusses a large number of international legal and political acts regulating the issues concerning the holders of the right to protect the journalists’ source of information, specifically focusing on the following concepts: journalist, information, identifying the source of information, the principles underlying this protection, the limitations to the right to protect the source of information, as well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights including the Court opinions in precedent cases on the protection of human rights in this area.
|