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2022, vol. 19, iss. 2, pp. 349-358
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Civil law between law and precedent
Građansko pravo između zakona i precedenta
Megatrend University, Faculty of Law, Public Administration and Security, Belgrade, Serbia
email: anikmarkovic@gmail.com
Project: Rad je rezultat projekta Pravnog fakulteta FPMIRS: Znanjem do integrisanja u društvene i ekonomske tokove
Abstract
The most obvious difference between civil law and the common law system is that the civil law system is a codified system, followed by legislation covering this area, while common law is based mainly on case law. The basic principle that applies is that earlier court decisions, usually of higher courts, made in a similar case, should be followed in later cases, ie that precedents should be respected. The paper points out that in civil law the main principles and rules are contained in the text of the law, while case law is only a secondary source of law. On the other hand, common law is predominantly based on court decisions already made. Civil law is based on the application of the law, and common law on the creation of rights. Courts in the civil law system resolve specific cases by applying and interpreting legal norms, while in common law courts, while resolving disputes, and also provide guidance on how similar disputes should be resolved in the future, so that court decisions create legislation.
Sažetak
Najočiglednija razlika između građanskog prava i sistema običajnog prava je da je sistem građanskog prava kodifikovan sistem, praćen zakonskom regulativom koja pokriva ovu oblast, dok se običajno pravo zasniva uglavnom na sudskoj praksi. Osnovni princip koji se primenjuje odnosi se na to da ranije sudske odluke, obično viših sudova, donete u sličnom predmetu, treba slediti u kasnijim slučajevima, odnosno da treba poštovati presedente. U radu se ukazuje na to da su u građanskom pravu glavna načela i pravila koja su sadržana u tekstu zakona, dok sudska praksa predstavlja samo sekundarni izvor prava. Sa druge strane običajno pravo, je dominantno bazirano na već donetim sudskim odlukama. Građansko pravo se zasniva na primeni zakona, a običajno pravo na stvaranju prava. Sudovi u sistemu građanskog prava rešavaju konkretne slučajeve primenom i tumačenjem pravnih normi, dok u običajnom pravu sudovi, dok rešavaju sporove, istovremeno daju i smernice o tome kako slične sporove treba rešavati u budućnosti, tako da sudske odluke kreiraju zakonodavstvo.
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