Women's participation in activities of contemporary Islamic extremist organizations has been accompanied by concerns and misunderstandings, and mostly neglected by the scientific community. The role of women in jihad has always been put aside; the emphasis has been on men, particularly on leaders of Islamic extremist organizations, which is the wrong approach. Women have been very active in going to Syria and Iraq, and their active involvement in "fighting in God's way" must be taken seriously. Following al-Baghdadi's call to all Muslims to join the "fight for Islam", a large number of women from the Western Balkans joined the "Islamic State" and took part in terrorist activities. These are women who were previously radicalized in their home countries and later assumed various roles in the "Islamic State" and related organizations aimed at creating caliphates in the Middle East. After the deaths of their husbands, many of them have been trying to return to their home countries in the Western Balkans. Those countries have no developed programs of rehabilitation and reintegration into society, making it difficult for them to return. States must pay greater attention to deradicalization of women, religious education and the involvement of women in the processes of deradicalization and the creation of counterterrorism strategies.