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2017, vol. 62, br. 2, str. 193-202
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Ekonomska analiza združene setve bamije i leguminoza
Economic analysis of intercropping okra with legumes
National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, Jericho Reservation Area, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
e-adresa: oluwakayodefunmi@gmail.com
Sažetak
Poljski ogled je sproveden na eksperimentalnom polju Nacionalnog instituta za istraživanja u hortikulturi u Ibadanu u Nigeriji krajem kišne sezone 2015. godine kako bi se odredio odgovarajući sistem gajenja zasnovan na bamiji i leguminozama koji će povećati prinos useva i prihod poljoprivrednika. Ogled je organizovan po slučajnom blok dizajnu (engl. randomized complete block design - RCBD) sa tri (3) ponavljanja. Tretmani su obuhvatali združenu setvu bamije sa kikirikijem ili vignom sejanih na različitim rastojanjima (60 cm x 30 cm, 60 cm x 40 cm, 60 cm x 50 cm i 60 cm x 60 cm). Bamija je sejana na rastojanju od 60 cm x 40 cm, a veličina parcele bila je 3 m x 2,4 m (7,4 m2). Prikupljeni podaci su podvrgnuti analizi varijanse (ANOVA), i značajne srednje vrednosti su odvojene korišćenjem testa najmanje značajne razlike (engl. least significant difference [LSD] test) na nivou verovatnoće of 5%. Ekonomska analiza združivanja useva sprovedena je korišćenjem analize bruto marže, indeksa monetarne prednosti i analize odnosa primanja i troškova. Rezultati su pokazali da je LER indeks (engl. land equivalent ratio - LER) od 1,62 zabeležen u združenom usevu bamija/kikiriki na rastojanju od 60 cm x 40 cm, dok je LER indeks od 1,74 uočen u združenom usevu bamija/vigna na rastojanju od 60 cm x 30 cm. Združeni sistem bamija/vigna na rastojanju od 60 cm x 30 cm bio je najunosniji (₦859.192/ha), zatim je sledio združeni usev bamija/vigna sa rastojanjem od 60 cm x 50 cm (₦744.212/ha), dok je združeni usev bamija/vigna na rastojanju od 60 cm x 60 cm bio najmanje unosan. Najviša bruto marža od ₦2.188.961/ha postignuta je u združenom usevu bamija/kikiriki na rastojanju od 60 cm x 40 cm. Najmanji prihod je ostvaren kod združenog useva bamija/kikiriki na rastojanju od 60 cm x 60 cm (₦700.103/ha). Ekonomska analiza je pokazala da je kod združenog useva bamija/vigna pri rastojanju od 60 cm x 30 cm postignuta najviša bruto marža od ₦859.192/ha i indeks monetarne prednosti od ₦450.447/ha, dok je u zdrženom usevu bamija/kikiriki na rastojanju od 60 cm x 40 cm ostvarena najviša bruto marža od ₦2.188.961/ha i indeks monetarne prednosti od ₦924.642/ha.
Abstract
A field study was carried out in a vegetable research field of the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria during the late raining season of 2015 to determine the appropriate okra/legume-based cropping system that will increase crop yield and farmer’s income. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three (3) replicates. The treatments comprised intercropping okra with groundnut or cowpea planted at varying spacings (60 cm x 30 cm, 60 cm x 40 cm, 60 cm x 50 cm and 60 cm x 60cm). Okra was planted at a spacing of 60 cm x 40 cm, the plot size was 3 m x 2.4 m (7.4 m2). Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant means were separated using the least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probability level. Economic analysis of the cropping mixture was carried out using gross margin analysis, monetary advantage index and benefit to cost ratio analysis. Results revealed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) of 1.62 was recorded in okra/groundnut at 60 cm x 40 cm and LER of 1.74 was observed in okra/cowpea at 60 cm x 30 cm. Okra/cowpea intercropping system spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm was the most remunerative (₦859,192/ha), followed by okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 50 cm (₦744,212/ha) while okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 60 cm was the least remunerative. The highest gross margin of ₦2,188,961/ha was obtained in okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 40 cm. The least return was obtained in okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 60 cm (₦700,103/ha). The economic analysis revealed that okra/cowpea spaced at 60 cm x 30 cm produced the highest gross margin of ₦859,192/ha and monetary advantage index of ₦450,447/ha while okra/groundnut spaced at 60 cm x 40 cm gave the highest gross margin of ₦2,188,961/ha and monetary advantage index of ₦924,642/ha.
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