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2019, vol. 147, br. 5-6, str. 364-367
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Ponavljajuće krvarenje iz nosa kao manifestacija sinonazalne metastaze karcinoma bubrega
Recurrent epistaxis as a manifestation of renal cell carcinoma sinonasal metastasis
aKlinički centar Srbije, Klinika za ORL i MFH, Beograd + Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet bKlinički centar Srbije, Klinika za ORL i MFH, Beograd + Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za patološku anatomiju
e-adresa: mfolic@yahoo.com
Sažetak
Uvod Karcinom renalnih ćelija je najčešći infraklavikularni tumor koji metastazira u sinonazalni region, mada ove metastaze nisu toliko česte. Predstavljamo neobičan slučaj bolesnika kod koga je krvarenje iz nosa bilo prvi znak sinonazalne metastaze renalnog karcinoma i diskutujemo o dijagnostičkim i terapijskim mogućnostima. Prikaz bolesnika Šezdeset šestogodišnji bolesnik je primljen na bolničko lečenje zbog ponavljajućeg, intenzivnog krvarenja iz nosa. Bolesniku je prethodno zbog karcinoma odstranjen bubreg i tokom trogodišnjeg praćenja nije imao znakove relapsa maligne bolesti. Endoskopskim pregledom i kompjuterizovanom tomografijom utvrđen je veliki izraštaj u nosnoj šupljini, koji se širi u prednje i zadnje etmoidne ćelije, sfenoidni sinus, očnu duplju i prednju moždanu jamu. Biopsijom je postavljena dijagnoza metastaze karcinoma bubrega, a dalja radiološka ispitivanja su isključila postojanje relapsa maligne bolesti u maloj karlici, abdomenu ili grudnom košu. Iako je bolesnik primio radioterapiju, tumor je ispoljio dalju progresiju u prednjoj moždanoj jami i maksili, a bolesnik je preminuo pet meseci posle pojave krvarenja iz nosa. Zaključak Kod bolesnika sa ponavljajućim krvarenjem iz nosa koji u ličnoj anamnezi imaju podatak o karcinomu bubrega i kod kojih je endoskopskim pregledom viđen tumefakt u nosnoj šupljini, trebalo bi posumnjati na mogućnost sinonazalne metastaze. U takvim slučajevima obavezna je biospija kako bi se razlikovao primarni tumor od metastaze. Posle patohistološke potvrde metastaze karcinoma bubrega potrebno je sprovesti radiološko ispitivanje male karlice, abdomena i grudnog koša kako bi se isključila dalja diseminacija maligne bolesti.
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent infraclavicular primary tumor metastasizing in the sinonasal region, although these metastases are not common. We present an unusual case of recurrent epistaxis as the initial sign of renal carcinoma sinonasal metastasis and discuss the diagnostic and treatment options. Case outline A 66-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent and severe epistaxis. The patient underwent nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma, with no signs of relapse during a three-year follow-up. Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography revealed a large mass in nasal cavity, spreading to the anterior and posterior ethmoid cells, sphenoid sinus, orbit, and anterior cranial fossa. Definite diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma metastasis in sinonasal region was made by a pathologist after biopsy and further radiological examination showed no signs of malignant disease in the abdomen, thorax, or pelvis. Although the patient had received 50 Gy of radiation therapy, the malignant disease was evaluated as progressive with further extension in anterior cranial fossa and maxilla, and the patient died five months after the occurrence of epistaxis. Conclusion In patients with recurrent epistaxis who also had a history of renal carcinoma, endoscopic finding of tumefaction in the nasal cavity should raise a suspicion of sinonasal metastasis. In such cases, biopsy is mandatory to differentiate a metastasis from primary sinonasal tumors. Histological confirmation should be followed by radiological examination of the abdomen, thorax, and pelvis to evaluate the possibility of renal cell carcinoma recurrence or metastatic dissemination elsewhere.
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