Contemporary teaching, nowadays, more than before, is significantly determined by the communication that happens during the teaching process. With its characteristics and development potential, communication affects the achievement of the objectives and tasks of educational work in the classroom and essentially determines its quality and efficiency. The specifics stemming from the immediate social context impose on communication in teaching certain characteristics that can, to a greater or lesser extent, determine its role in teaching. For these reasons, this paper uses theoretical and empirical approach to present the communication aspect of modern teaching from the perspective of its main participants: teachers and students. This paper can be even more interesting since the empirical research was carried out on the territory of south-eastern border area of Serbia, in the municipality of Bosilegrad characterized by bilingualism and official use of Cyrillic alphabet of Serbian and Bulgarian language. The obtained results indicate a developed awareness of the role and importance of communication in ensuring effective teaching, but also significant differences in the attitudes of the participants with respect to the analyzed variables. The obtained results clearly indicate the necessity of pedagogical intervention in terms of its improvement and more regular and coherent consideration of this important issue.