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Razvoj sistema osiguranja depozita na nivou Evropske unije - izazovi i preporuke za unapređenje sistema
Development of deposit insurance system in the European Union: Challenges and recommendations for the improvement of the system
Sažetak
Finansijska kriza koja je potresla ceo svet imala je ogroman uticaj i na bankarski sektor. Zbog propasti velikog broja banaka u potpunosti je narušeno poverenje deponenata u funkcionisanje sistema koji upravo treba da im pruža sigurnost. Iz tih razloga Evropska komisija je izvršila detaljne izmene ovog sistema donošenjem Direktive 2014/49/EU o sistemima osiguranja depozita, čiji je cilj pre svega da povrati izgubljeno poverenje uz uspostavljanje adekvatne informisanosti deponenata, skraćivanje vremena potrebnog za isplatu depozita, uvođenje obaveze ex ante i ex post finansiranja i određivanje rizika kao jednog od glavnih faktora prilikom utvrđivanja iznosa doprinosa. U prvom delu rada autor se bavi razlozima za uspostavljanje sistema za osiguranje depozita, ali i negativnim posledicama koje jedan takav sistem može da izazove, kao što je pre svega problem moralnog hazarda, dok je u drugom delu fokus na razvoju tog sistema u EU, uz navođenje svih nedostataka prethodnih direktiva, i na izmenama koje je postojeći sistem doneo sa sobom.
Abstract
The financial crisis that has shocked the whole world has also had enormous impact on the banking sector. Due to the collapse of a large number of banks, the confidence of the depositors in the functioning of the system, which should actually provide them with security, has completely been disturbed. For these reasons, the European Commission has adopted new Directive on deposit guarantee schemes, which aims primarily to restore lost trust by establishing adequate information on depositors, shortening the time required for the payment of deposits, introducing an ex ante financing obligation, with the possibility of additional funding in case of insufficient funds and predicts that one of the main factors in calculating the amount of contributions will be risk in the banking sector. In the first part of the paper, there will be reasons for the establishment of the Deposit insurance system, but also the negative consequences that such a system may cause, while in the second part, the focus will be on the development of that system in the EU, stating all the deficiencies of the previous Directives and amendments which the existing system brought with it.
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