2015, br. 34, str. 391-404
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Formiranje banke za preuzimanje nenaplativih potraživanja - iskustva drugih zemalja i pouke za Srbiju
Bad bank formation: Experiences from other countries and lessons for Serbia
Sažetak
Udeo nenaplativih potraživanja u ukupno odobrenim kreditima predstavlja značajan indikator 'zdravlja' bankarskog sistema. Na kraju trećeg kvartala 2014. godine, nenaplativa potraživanja učestvuju sa 23% u ukupno odobrenim (bruto) kreditima bankarskog sektora Srbije, dok je učešće nenaplativih kredita u odnosu na kapital banaka čak 34%. Ovi podaci jasno ukazuju na neophodnost hitnog rešavanja problema nenaplativih potraživanja kao esencijalnog za očuvanje stabilnosti bankarskog sistema. Neadekvatno upravljanje rizicima i preuzimanje prekomernog rizika rezultiralo je oduzimanjem licence od strane Narodne banke Srbije i gašenjem tri domaće državne (Agrobanka, Razvojna banka Vojvodine i Privredna banka Beograd) i jedne privatne banke (Univerzal banka). Ex-post reagovanje nakon kolapsa domaćih banaka nameće pitanje: Da li je Srbiji potrebna banka koje će se baviti preuzimanjem nenaplativih potraživanja? U radu se na bazi empirijskih primera iz bankarskih sistema pojedinih zemalja naglašavaju prednosti i nedostaci formiranja banke koja će se isključivo baviti preuzimanjem nenaplativih potraživanja i istovremeno se iznose preporuke za bankarski sistem Srbije.
Abstract
With the growth of technical and technological modernity, it comes to growth of environmental protection. Degree of pollution is not determined by standards and norms that government proposes in the means of allowance, but the number of issuers. Government with the limit of imperfection of market defines optimum strategy of internalization of external expenses. What level of pollution will prove to be economically sustainable depends on expected social benefits, and also from current and future expenses for cleaning the environment from inherited and current consequences of pollution. The author's research proves that in the means of preference for ecological technology, regardless of starting price of investment, if all the conditions of quality and competition of self products are fulfilled, results show dominance in comparison to 'traditional-classical technologies'. With every technical and technological change it is easier and more efficient to incorporate ecological requests in it. In this research we started from the assumption that sustainable development means transition from classical market economy to ecological economy, because market driven economy encourages irrational expenditure of resources, considering natural goods limitless.
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