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2006, vol. 42, br. 2, str. 369-376
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Primena đubriva u organskoj poljoprivredi
Soil fertility management in organic farming
Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
Sažetak
Osnovni cilj organske poljoprivrede je proizvodnja hrane visokog kvaliteta uz izostavljanje primene agrohemikalija i uz održavanje i povećavanje sadržaja organske materije, biološke aktivnosti i pristupačnosti hraniva u zemljištu. Sadržaj organske materije povećava se gajenjem leguminoza i primenom zelenišnog i stajskog đubriva, pri čemu se istovremeno povećava i pristupačnost hraniva u zemljištu. Međutim, visok sadržaj organske materije u zemljištu, ne podrazumeva uvek i visoku pristupačnost hraniva, jer procesi koji favorizuju akumulaciju organske materije, istovremeno dovode i do imobilizacije hraniva. S druge strane, procesom mineralizacije, kojim se oslobađaju hraniva, istovremeno se razgrađuje organska materija. Izborom organskih đubriva odgovarajućeg sastava i različitim vremenom njihovog unošenja u zemljište, kao i intenzitetom primenjene agrotehničke prakse potrebno je uskladiti oslobađanje hraniva sa potrebama useva, uz istovremeno sprečavanje gubitaka organske materije i nitratnog azota. Kako uvek nije moguće zadovoljiti potrebe useva samo uz pomoć organskih đubriva, posebno na prirodno siromašnim zemljištima, odobrava se i korišćenje prirodnih mineralnih đubriva.
Abstract
The main objective of organic farming is to produce high-quality food without the use of agricultural chemicals while sustaining and increasing the organic matter content, biological activity and availability of nutrients in the soil. The amount of organic matter can be increased by growing legumes and by applying green and animal manure, which at the same time increases the availability of nutrients in the soil. However, maintain organic matter and increasing nutrient availability are not always compatible because mineralization that releases nutrients also destroys soil organic matter. Special consideration need to be given to the timing and intensity of management practice when trying to meet nutrient and organic matter management goals. The ultimate goal is to provide a continuous supply of nutrients while preventing loss of SOM. As it is not always possible to satisfy the needs of the crops by applying only organic fertilizers, the use of natural mineral fertilizers is also allowed.
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