2018, vol. 57, br. 79, str. 377-386
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Neorealizam Karla Levelina (Karl Llewellyn)
Neorealism of Karl Lewellin
Univerzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Pravni fakultet
e-adresa: sava.aksic@gmail.com
Sažetak
Kao predstavnik škole američkog pravnog realizma, Levelin smatra da je smisao prava u njegovoj predvidivosti i mogućnosti pojedinaca da se, procenjujući šanse za ishod u sporu, obrate sudu. Pravo se po njemu nalazi u realnim odnosima, a ne u pravnim pravilima. Pod državom podrazumeva dovoljno organizovanu grupu koja je od sopstvenog i ostalih naroda priznata kao legitimna (stav koji je kasnije donekle korigovao, s obzirom na to da je legitimitet normativni, a ne sociološko-pravni princip). Njegova sociologija prava je zasnovana na realnosti sudova i na primeni rezultata stvarnosnih sudova. Pravno relevantnim činjenicama smatra naciju, nacionalno osećanje, nacionalno kulturno dobro, genus homo sapiensa... a pravni život smatra posledicom međusobnih dejstava određenih efektivnih osoba u društvu, a ne realizaciju pravde. Navodeći da izučavanje pravila ili normi kojima se usmerava ponašanje,predstavlja jedan od načina izučavanja prava, Levelin pravi odstupnicu u odnosu na klasičnu sociološku školu utoliko što i normama, a ne samo faktima, na ovaj način priznaje značaj koji one imaju u pravnom životu. Levelin pravi razliku između nauke o pravu i samog prava (bez obzira što pod pravom podrazumeva realne odnose), izlažući pri tome model teorijsko-pravnog rezona, kao obrazac stvaranja najviših pravnih pojmova.
Abstract
As a representative of the School of American Legal Realism, Lewellin thinks that the meaning of the right is in its predictability and the ability of individuals, assessing the chances in a dispute, to address the court. In his view, the right is found in real relations, and not in legal rules. He understands the state as a sufficiently organized group that is recognized by its own people and other peoples as legitimate, which is a stance that he later corrected to some extent since legitimacy is a normative and not a sociological and legal principle. His sociology of law is based on the reality of the courts and the application of the results of the real courts. He considers a nation, a national feeling, a national cultural asset, a genus of homo sapiens ... to be legally relevant facts, and he views legal life as the interaction of certain effective persons in a society rather than the realization of justice. Stating that studying the rules or norms by which behavior is guided is one of the ways of studying the law, Lewellin makes a retreat in relation to the classical sociological school by recognizing the significance of both legal norms and facts in legal life. Lewellin makes a distinction between the science of law and the law itself (no matter what it implies in real terms), exposing the model of the theoretical and legal reason as a form of creating the highest legal concepts.
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