Victimization in childhood as a suicide risk factor in adults

Dedić, Gordana; Đorđević, Barbara; Dedić, Srđan

doi:10.2298/VSP170826142D

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Vojnosanitetski pregled

2019, vol. 76, br. 7, str. 667-674

Viktimizacija u detinjstvu kao faktor suicidnog rizika kod odraslih

Dedić Gordana^a, Đorđević Barbara^b, Dedić Srđan^c

^aUniverzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija + Vojnomedicinska akademija, Klinika za psihijatriju, Beograd, Srbija
^bMinistry of Defence and the Army of Serbia, Belgrade
^cUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Srbija

e-adresa: gdedic146@gmail.com

Ključne reči: žrtve zločina; deca; samoubistvo, pokušaj; odrasle osobe; psihoterapija

Sažetak

Uvod/Cilj. Postoje istraživanja o povezanosti između viktimizacije deteta i rizika od samoubilačkog ponašanja u ranoj adolescenciji, dok je značajno manje istraživanja koja pokazuju ovu povezanost kod odraslih osoba. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio da se ispita da li viktimizacija u detinjstvu povećava rizik od pokušaja suicida kod odraslih osoba. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na grupi od 90 pacijenata, 71 žene i 19 muškaraca, prosečne životne dobi od 37,92 ± 11,04 godina, hospitalizovanih u Dnevnoj bolnici Klinike za psihijatriju Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija. U istraživanju su korišteni: Upitnik viktimizacija (The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire - JVQ), Upitnik mehanizama odbrane (Defense Style Questionnaire - DSQ-40) i Bekova skala depresije (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI). Ispitanici su bili podeljeni u dve grupe: grupa pacijenata koji su pokušali suicid (N = 50) i grupa pacijenata koji su bili na psihoterapijskom tretmanu zbog različitih životnih kriza koje nisu imale za posledicu pokušaj samoubistva (N = 40). Iz ispitivanja su isključeni pacijenti sa psihotičnim poremećajem (F20-F29, F30-31 i F 32.3), bolestima zavisnosti (F10-F19) i demencijom (F00-F09), prema Međunarodnoj klasifikaciji bolesti 10 verzija (ICD 10) (World Health Organization criteria). Ispitanici obe grupe su bili ujednačeni prema godinama života, obrazovanju i bračnom statusu. Za statističku obradu korišten je Studentov t-test za parametarsku i Mann-Whitney U test za neparametarsku analizu podataka. Rezultati. Pacijenti koji su pokušali suicid ispoljavali su depresiju umerenog stepena (19.76 ± 10.52) i koristili su nezrele mehanizme odbrane (p < 0.001). Upitnikom JVQ utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike na Ukupnom skoru viktimizacije (p < 0.005), kao i na dva modula: Vršnjačko zlostavljanje (p < 0.005) i Seksualno zlostavljanje (p < 0.005). Zaključak. Odrasle osobe koje su češće tokom života pokušale samoubistvo su bile žrtve vršnjačkog i seksualnog zlostavljanja u detinjstvu. Podaci o zlostavljanju u ranom detinjstvu pružaju mogućnosti rane detekcije osoba sa suicidnim rizikom što može pomoći u psihoterapijskom radu sa ovim osobama, kao i u prevenciji suicida u široj populaciji.

Abstract

Background/Aim. There is a burgeoning literature on the association between childhood victimization and the risk of suicidal behavior in early adolescence, while there is significantly less research showing this association in adults. The aim of our study was to examine whether victimization in childhood increased the likelihood of suicide attempt in adults. Methods. The sample consisted of 90 patients, 71 females and 19 males, aged 37.92 ± 11.04 years on average, hospitalized in the Day Hospital of the Clinic of Psychiatry Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ), Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40) and Beck Depression Inventory were used for 50 patients following suicide attempt and in 40 patients who were on psychotherapeutic treatment due to various life crises not resulting in suicide attempt. According to the indications, we excluded the patients with psychosis (F20-F29, F30-31 and F 32.3), substances abuse (F10-F19) and dementia (F00-F09), satisfying International Classification of Diseases-10 version (ICD-10) (the World Health Organization criteria). The examinees of both groups were matched by age, education and marital status. Comparison of the patient groups was done by the Students' t-test for the parametric features and Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data. Results. The suicide attempters had moderate depression (19.76 ± 10.52) and used immature defense mechanisms (p < 0.001). The JVQ established statistical differences in the Total score (p < 0.005) and in two modules: Peer and Sibling Victimization (p < 0.005) and Sexual victimization (p < 0.005). Conclusion. The adults who were more likely to attempt suicide during their lifetime were more often victims of peer and sexual abuse in their childhood. Data on victimization in early childhood provide opportunities for early detection of persons with suicide risk that could help in the psychotherapeutic work with these patients, but also in the suicide prevention in a wider population.

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jezik rada: engleski
vrsta rada: izvorni naučni članak
DOI: 10.2298/VSP170826142D
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 29.07.2019.
metod recenzije: dvostruko anoniman

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