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2018, vol. 52, iss. 1, pp. 101-119
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Public opinion and features of media discourse in the Sociološki pregled / Sociological Review
Javno mnjenje i odlike medijskog diskursa u Sociološkom pregledu
Project: Civil Society and Religion (MESTD - 179008)
Abstract
If we observe social activities as a dynamic, complex, individual, group and mass engagement towards meeting certain goals and ideas which subsequently affect the behavior of people, this paper shall emphasize an increasingly important role of sociology of mass communication, which creates and shapes public opinion through its examination of the process of identification, selection, shaping, storage and distribution of information. Starting from the notion of discourse and the understanding that human sciences believe that discourse leads to specific activities that are concerned with a broader social environment and relationships, the authors of this paper use the method of content analysis of the texts published in the Sociološki pregled/Sociological Review during eight decades in order to indicate that discourse can gain specific power to symbolically influence and transform society only through mass media. The results indicate that the first glimpses of change when it comes to the view and opinion about politics were noticed in the first text with a sociological and communicative approach (published in 1970), as it showed a slight professionalization of the creators of public opinion; moreover, the results have shown that the deep transformation began in the 1990s with a greater number of papers which dealt with public research, political propaganda, election campaigns, marketing, media systems, effects and theories. The fact that the number of such texts in the Sociološki pregled/Sociological Review was increasing over time is also indicative of a change in the sociological paradigm and the democratization of the public, which nowadays cannot be pictured without media influence.
Sažetak
Posmatrajući društveno delanje kao dinamičnu, složenu, individualnu, grupnu i masovnu angažovanost na ostvarivanju određenih ciljeva i ideja kojima se utiče na ponašanje ljudi u radu izdvajamo sve značajniju ulogu sociologije masovnih komunikacija, koja kroz proučavanje procesa identifikovanja, selekcije, oblikovanja, skladištenja i distribucije informacija praktično doprinosi kreiranju javnih mnjenja. Polazeći od pojma diskurs i shvatanja da u humanističkim naukama on vodi specifičnom delanju koje opisuje šire društveno okruženje i odnose, autori metodom analize sadržaja tekstova publikovanih u Sociološkom pregledu tokom osam decenija ukazuju da tek, posredovan masovnim medijima diskurs dobija specifičnu moć simboličkog uticanja kojom se i samo društvo preobražava. Rezultati pokazuju da su obrisi promena u političkoj dioptriji primetni u prvom tekstu sa sociološko-komunikološkim pristupom (objavljenim 1970. godine) jer ukazuje na tihu profesionalizaciju stvaraoca javnog mišljenja, ali i na duboki preobražaj koji počinje devedesetih godina prošlog veka sa većim brojem radova posvećenih istraživanjima javnosti, političkoj propagandi, izbornim kampanjama, marketingu, medijskim sistemima, efektima i teorijama. Podatak da broj ovakvih tekstova u Sociološkom pregledu sa protokom vremena raste ukazuje i na promenu sociološke paradigme i demokratizaciju javne sfere, koja je danas nezamisliva bez medijskog uticanja.
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