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Značaj motoričke koordinacije za uspeh u ritmičkoj gimnastici
The importance of motor coordination abilities for performance in rhythmic gymnastics
Projekat: Biomehanička efikasnost vrhunskih srpskih sportista (MPNTR - 179019)
Sažetak
Ritmička gimnastika (RG) je kompleksan i složen sport koji zahteva povećanu prostorno-vremensku koordinaciju između kretanja tela i rukovanja rekvizitima, što čini specifičnu motoričku koordinaciju vitalnim delom tehničke pripreme u RG, sa važnom ulogom u stvaranju neophodnih preduslova gimnastičarki za učenje mnogih RG tehnika. Svrha istraživanja je ispitivanje i/ili utvrđivanje mogućnosti predviđanja uspeha u RG na osnovu koordinacionih sposobnosti gimnastičarki. Sto dvadeset sedam gimnastičarki nacionalnog i međunarodnog nivoa (uzrast: 11.93±3.09 godina, telesna visina: 147.65±14.6 cm, telesna masa: 37.67±11.7 kg, BMI: 16.78±2.26 kg/m2, sportsko iskustvo: 5.85±2.81 godina), raspoređenih u pet uzrasnih kategorija (22 mlađe pionirke, uzrasta 7-9 godina; 39 pionirki, uzrasta 9-12 godina; 26 kadetkinja, uzrasta 12-14 godina; 25 juniorki, uzrasta 14-16 godina; 15 seniorki, uzrasta 16 godina i više), dobrovoljno je učestvovalo u ovom istraživanju. Utvrđene su njihove osnovne karakteristike (uzrast, telesna visina, telesna masa, BMI, godine sportskog iskustva, Uspeh), kao i specifične koordinacione sposobnosti (B-ROL, R-TCJ, H-SKP i C-JUG). Primenom multivarijantne regresione analize utvrđen je statistički značajan uticaj specifičnih koordinacionih sposobnosti na Uspeh samo kod kadetkinja i pionirki (p<0.018 i p<0.000, redom), sa 42%, odn. 50% objašnjenja uspeha u RG. Takođe, regresiona analiza je istakla značajne pojedinačne doprinose predviđanju zavisne varijable, od strane triju nezavisnih varijabli: kotrljanje lopte preko ruku (pionirke: p=0.03), skokovi u obruč (pionirke: p=0.03 i total uzorak: p=0.02) i 'žongliranje' čunjevima (pionirke: p=0.03 i total uzorak: p=0.02), sa pozitivnom relacijom između ovih nezavisnih varijabli i zavisne varijable. Ovo istraživanje je potvrdilo značaj koordinacionih sposobnosti za uspeh u RG, ali samo kod mlađih takmičarskih kategorija.
Abstract
Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a difficult and complex sport which requires increased space-time coordination between body movements and apparatus handling, thus making specific motor coordination a vital part of technical preparation in RG with an important role in creating the preconditions necessary for allowing the gymnast to learn many RG techniques. The purpose of the research was to test and/or determine the possibility of predicting success in RG performance on the basis of gymnasts' coordination skills. One hundred and twenty-seven national- and international-level rhythmic gymnasts (age: 11.93±3.09 years, body height: 147.65±14.6 cm, body mass: 37.67±11.7 kg, BMI: 16.78±2.26 kg/m2, training experience: 5.85±2.81 years), distributed in five age categories (22 beginners, aged 7-9 years; 39 intermediate, aged 9-12 years; 26 advanced, aged 12-14 years; 25 juniors, aged 14-16 years; 15 seniors, aged 16 years and older), volunteered to participate in the study. Their baseline characteristics (age, body height, body mass, BMI, years of training experience, Success) were established, as well as their specific coordination skills (B-ROL, R-TCJ, H-SKP and C-JUG). By means of a Multiple regression analysis the specific coordination skills' statistically significant influence on Success was established only in the group of advanced and intermediate gymnasts (p<0.018 and p<0.000, respectively), with an explanation of 42%, i.e. 50% of success in RG. Also, the Regression analysis emphasized the significant independent contributions, to the prediction of the dependent variable, of three independent variables: ball rolling (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03), hoop skipping (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03 and sample in total: p=0.02) and clubs juggling (intermediate gymnasts: p=0.03 and sample in total: p=0.02), with positive relationship among these independent variables and dependent variable. This study has confirmed the importance of coordination skills for success in RG, but only for younger age categories.
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