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2019, vol. 48, br. 1, str. 27-39
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Znanje, stavovi i praksa roditelja i pedijatara u vezi sa imunizacijom - Kraljevo, Raška, Vrnjačka Banja
Knowledge, attitude and practice about immunizations of parents and pediatricians: Kraljevo, Raska, Vrnjacka Banja
Centar za prevenciju i kontrolu bolesti, Zavod za javno zdravlje Kraljevo, Kraljevo
Sažetak
Zbog pada obuhvata pojedinim vakcinama i rasprave o vakcinaciji koja se vodi u javnosti, odlučili smo se za sprovođenje istraživanja sa ciljem da se ispitaju znanja, stavovi i praksa roditelja i pedijatara o ovoj temi. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u Kraljevu, Raški i Vrnjačkoj Banji tokom novembra i decembra 2016. godine. Oko 22% anketiranih roditelja misli da vakcine nisu efikasne u sprečavanju bolesti ili nije sigurno u njihov efekat, a 43% roditelja ne zna protiv kojih bolesti se dete vakciniše. Najznačajniji izvor informacija za roditelje je pedijatar, a zatim internet. Oko 26% roditelja smatra da su neke vakcine štetne, a 15,7% da su neke i nepotrebne; 13% smatra da vakcine nisu dovoljno ispitane, a polovina smatra da postoji razlika u bezbednosti domaćih i uvoznih vakcina. Odluku da prestanu da vakcinišu decu donelo je 1% roditelja, a oko 4% se još uvek dvoumilo u vreme istraživanja. I kod pedijatara smo utvrdili da postoji određeni stepen nepoverenja u vakcinaciju. Jedan od anketiranih pedijatara jasno iznosi negativan odnos prema imunizaciji. Prema rezultatima istraživanja, pedijatri u svojoj karijeri nisu imali značajnijih neželjenih događaja u vezi sa imunizacijom. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na postojanje ozbiljnog problema sa poverenjem u imunizaciju uopšte, a za pojedine vakcine čak u meri koja ugrožava kolektivni imunitet i predstavlja rizik za pojavu epidemija bolesti protiv kojih se imunizacija sprovodi.
Abstract
Due to decreased immunization coverage and ongoing public discussions about vaccines, we have decided to conduct a survey on knowledge, attitude and practice among parents and pediatricians. The survey was conducted in Kraljevo, Raska and Vrnjacka Banja during November and December 2016. About 22% of parents think that vaccines are not efficient in disease prevention or are not certain about effects, while 43% do not know against what diseases children are immunized. The most important source of information for parents are pediatricians, followed by Internet. Around 26% parents find some vaccines harmful and 15.7% think some of the vaccines are not needed. Some 13% has an opinion that vaccines are not properly tested; while one half of parents are certain that there is a difference in safety between domestic and imported vaccines. The decision to stop vaccination of their children was made by 1% of parents, and additional 4% were still considering that option at the time of survey. We have found that certain doubts about immunization are present in pediatricians, too. One of respondents in the survey expressed clearly negative attitude towards immunization. None of pediatricians have diagnosed serious adverse events following immunization during their carreer so far. The survey proved that there is a lack of trust in vaccines in general and that for some vaccines it impacts collective immunity to the level that enables outbreaks of vaccine preventable infections.
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