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2012, vol. 38, br. 1, str. 61-80
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Suvi postupci odsumporavanja dimnih gasova kotlova na sprašeni ugalj - karakteristike i efikasnost
Dry flue gas desulphurization technologies for pulverized coal fired boilers: Characteristics and efficiency
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za nuklearne nauke Vinča, Beograd-Vinča, Srbija
e-adresa: andrijana@vinca.rs
Sažetak
Nivo svesti o zaštiti životne sredine u svetu je porastao poslednjih godina, a ekonomisti predviđaju njegov dalji, eksplozivan rast. Ovakva predviđanja ističu u prvi plan značaj smanjenja uticaja zagađivača vazduha, vode i zemlje. Oblast koja je od posebnog značaja je briga o mogućnosti formiranja kiselih kiša usled izdvajanja SO2 i azotnih oksida tokom sagorevanja fosilnih goriva. U tom smislu se ističu i programi odsumporavanja dimnih gasova koji se sprovode dugi niz godina u elektranama širom sveta, a poslednjih godina i u nas. U ovom radu su opisani suvi postupci odsumporavanja dimnih gasova kotlova na sprašeni ugalj - direktnim unošenjem sorbenta u ložište, unošenjem sorbenta u kanal iza zagrejača vazduha ili u za to posebno projektovan reaktor kao i suvi sistem sa raspršivanjem. Posebno se razmatra ekonomski aspekt i efikasnost redukcije emisije SO2. Izbor metode je šesto zasnovan na poređenju cene primene metoda. Stoga su za opisane tehnologije dati prosešni troškovi redukcije emisije i istaknute one najefikasnije. PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 33018: Povećanje energetske i ekološke efikasnosti procesa u ložištu za ugljeni prah i optimizacija izlazne grejne površine energetskog parnog kotla primenom sopstvenih softverskih alata.
Abstract
Recent years have seen an increase world wide in the awareness of environmental protection, while its dramatic growth is fore cast as well. Such predictions high light the importance of reducing the impact of pollutants, contaminating air, water, and soil. An area of particular importance regards the potentials for acid rain formation due to the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides during the combustion of fossil fuels. Particularly notable are the programs of flue gas desulphurization that have been carried out in power plants world wide for decades now and also in our country in recent years. Dry flue gas desulphurization technologies for pulverized coal fired boilers are described in this paper, such as: furnace direct sorbent injection, duct sorbent injection, application of activation reactor and lime spray drying process. In addition, the economic aspects and the efficiency of sulfur dioxide emission reduction are specially considered in the paper. The choice of desulphurization method is of ten based on the comparison of costs associated with the application of a particular method. There fore, for the technologies described, the average emission reduction costs are presented and the most effective methods are highlighted.
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