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2011, vol. 37, br. 2, str. 213-222
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Problemi aerobnih i anaerobnih emisija gasova iz stočnog stajnjaka
The problems of aerobic and anaerobic gases emissions from livestock manure
Projekat: Unapređenje kvaliteta traktora i mobilnih sistema u cilju povećanja konkurentnosti, očuvanja zemljišta i životne sredine (MPNTR - 31046)
Sažetak
U domaćim uslovima, pored industrijskih i gradskih otpada, na nivou redukovane stočarske proizvodnje stajnjak je pod etiketom opasnih materija, sa izvesnim stepenom zagađenja tri bazna životna faktora: vazduh, voda i zemljište. Za redukciju neprijatnih mirisa i bazno-gasnih kontaminenata (NH3, H2S, CO, CO2 i N2O), unutar uzgojnog ambijenta i njihove evakuacije sistemom ventilacije u spoljno okruženje, moguća je upotreba vlažnog filtera sa padom pritiska do 30 Pa. Za redukciju negativnog uticaja stajnjaka na ekosistem resursa neposrednog farmskog okruženja, preporučljiva je upotreba biofiltera i pokrivača laguna tečnog stajnjaka. Za prezentaciju realnog stanja u pogledu iskorišćenja nutritivnih potencijala i manipulacije stajnjakom za domaće uslove, u radu su analizirani rezultati nekoliko farmskih lokacija: Sremska Mitrovica-Laćarak, Dobanovci, Čenej i Vrbas. Utvrđen je prilično loš menadžment domaćeg farminga na redukciji gubitka nutritivnih potencijala stajnjaka, održavanju optimalnog mikroklimata i zaštiti životne sredine. Za sniženje stepena emisije gasnih komponenti pri rasturanju tečnog stajnjaka predložena je upotreba injektorskih sistema.
Abstract
In domestic conditions, beside industrial and municipal sewages, at the reduced level of livestock husbandry production, manure is labeled as dangerous matter, with certain pollution level of three basic vital factors: air, water and soil. For odors and basic gaseous contaminants reduction (NH3, H2S, CO, CO2 i N2O), inside breeding ambient and their evacuation by ventilation system in surroundings, there is possible using of wet scrubber with low pressure drop of 30 Pa. For manure negative influence on ecosystem of immediate surrounding of farm resources it is suggested to use biofilters and porous covers of slurry lagoons. For presentation of the real situation regarding level of livestock manure nutrients potential exploitations for domestic conditions, the data of some farming locations were analyzed: Sremska Mitrovica-Laćarak, Dobanovci, Čenej and Vrbas. A very low management of domestic farming was noted on the field of manure nutrient potential reduction, optimal breeding ambient conditions and environmental protection. For the air gases emissions reduction during liquid manure-slurry disposition using of injector system was suggested.
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