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2022, vol. 16, br. 1, str. 32-48
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Dinamika, obim i struktura spoljnotrgovinske razmene Republike Srbije
Dynamics, scope and structure of external trade of the Republic of Serbia
Sažetak
Pandemija COVID-19 promenila je globalne ekonomske perspektive i dovela do prekretnice u privrednim kretanjima kako u svetu, tako iu Republici Srbiji. Osnovni cilj rada je da se detaljnom analizom ključnih pokazatelja spoljnorgovinske robne razmene sagleda pozicija i rezultati Republike Srbije u oblasti međunarodne trgovine, kako jednog od najznačajnijih indikatora privredne aktivnosti zemlje. Metodologija obrađena u radu obuhvata kvalitativne istraživačke tehnike, kao što su analiza, komparativna analiza i sinteza. Prvi deo rada se bavi trendom kretanja obima spoljnotgovinske razmene u protekle tri decenije, sa posebnim osvrtom na efekat krize izazvane pandemijom COVID-19. Druga tematska celina analizira strukturu spoljne trgovine Srbije, prema ekonomskoj nameni robe i klasifikaciji delatnosti. U fokusu trećeg dela je analiza teritorijalne raspodele spoljnotrovinske razmene Srbije po glavnim ekonomskim i georgrafskim zonama odnosno zemljama namene i porekla. Na kraju su data zaključna razmatranja. Svakako da ima dosta prostora za unapređenje spoljnotrgovinske razmene Srbije, koja pre svega treba da se fokusira na povećanje izvoza, u kvantitativnom smislu, ali da se istovremeno ne zamanje podizanje vrednosti kvaliteta i proizvoda naših proizvoda.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed global economic perspectives and led to a turning point in economic trends around the world, as well as in the Republic of Serbia. With a detailed analysis of key figures of external trade of goods, the main aim of this paper is to appraise the position and results of the Republic of Serbia in the field of foreign trade exchange, as one of the most important indicators of economic activity. The methodology covered in the paper includes qualitative research techniques, such as analysis, comparative analysis, and synthesis. The first part of the paper deals with the trend of external trade in the past three decades, with special reference to the effect of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The second thematic unit analyzes the structure of the Republic of Serbia's foreign trade, according to the economic purpose of goods and the classification of activities. The focus of the third part is the territorial distribution of foreign trade of the Republic of Serbia by main economic and geographical zones, ie countries of purpose and origin. Finally, concluding remarks are given. We found that the Republic of Serbia has many possibilities to improve external trade, which should primarily focus on increasing exports, in quantitative terms, but at the same time not to fail to raise the quality and value of our export products.
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