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Fizičke karakteristike prostora škole i njihov uticaj na učenje i rad studenata
Characteristics of school facilities and their impact on educational process and students' work
Ključne reči: fizičke karakteristike prostora; fizički faktori sredine; učenje; nastava
Keywords: physical characteristics of space; physical factors of the environment; study; teaching
Sažetak
Mnoga istraživanja pokazuju da vaspitno-obrazovni proces i postignuće učenika zavisi od niza faktora kao što su lične i profesionalne karakteristike nastavnika, vaspitno-obrazovni programi, kvalitet nastave i van nastavnih aktivnosti. Pored ovih faktora kvalitet nastavnog procesa se dovodi u vezu i sa opremljenošću, odnosno sa materijalno-tehničkim uslovima u školi. Opremljenost škole najčešće podrazumeva školski prostor (školska zgrada, učionice, kabineti, biblioteka, prateće prostorije, dvorište i fiskulturna sala), opremu, nameštaj i nastavna sredstva. Međutim, za kvalitetno učenje i rad neophodni su i povoljni fizički, fiziološki, socijalni i psihološki uslovi učenja. Iz tog razloga se u ovom radu bavimo ispitivanjem stavova studenata o uticaju i delovanju pojedinih karakteristika prostora škole (boja zidova, aplikacije na zidovima, nastavna sredstva, nameštaj), fizičkih faktora, pa i veličine grupa studenata na kvalitet učenja i nastave i da li postoje razlike u tim procenama u zavisnosti od pola, uzrasta i godine studija. Za prikupljanje podataka korišćen je upitnik koji je posebno kreiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Upitnik se sastoji od 25 ajtema, a primenjen je na uzorku od 116 studenata Visoke škole strukovnih studija za vaspitače u Kruševcu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da pojedine karakteristike prostora, kao i pojedini fizički faktori utiču na rad i učenje studenata, a samim tim i na kvalitet nastave i da postoje razlike u tim procenama prema uzrastu i godini studija.
Abstract
Much research suggests that educational process, learning and students' performance depend on a number of factors such as personal and professional characteristics of teachers, curricula, and the quality of teaching and extra-curricular activities. In addition, the quality of educational process is closely connected to material-technical conditions of the school and the quality of teaching equipment. This mostly concerns school facilities (school buildings, classrooms, cabinets, library, other facilities, courtyard and gymnasium), equipment, furniture and teaching aids. However, quality learning and work also require favourable physical, physiological, social and psychological conditions for study. This is the reason why this paper investigates students' opinions concerning the influence of certain characteristics of school facilities (wall colours, visual aids hanging on walls, teaching aids, furniture), and other physical aspects, including the size of student's groups on the quality of study and learning, as well as whether these opinions vary according to sex, age and year of study. The data was collected by a questionnaire comprising 25 items especially designed for the needs of this investigation. There were 116 respondents, students of the Preschool Teacher Training College in Kruševac. The findings show that certain features of the space and certain physical characteristics do have impact on students' work and performance, and therefore on the quality of teaching. They also demonstrate that students' estimates and opinions vary according to age and year of study.
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