2018, br. 201-202, str. 227-236
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"Pametne šume" - IoT u gazdovanju šumama na zaštićenim područjima
"Smart forests": IoT in forest management in protected areas
Projekat: Podržan od strane Collegium Talentum 2017 Programa Republike Mađarske i deo je ostvarenih rezultata projekata koje je finansijski podržao Pokrajinski sekretarijat za visoko obrazovanje i naučnoistraživačku delatnost Autonomne Pokrajne Vojvodine, kroz projekat Primena Interneta stvari sa niskom potrošnjom energije i distribuiranom inteligencijom u uslovima elementarnih nepogoda i katastrofalnih događaja, broj 142-451-3578/2017
Sažetak
Upotreba modernih tehnologija, konkretno bežičnih senzorskih mreža koji mogu biti deo koncepta interneta stvari, potpomaže, pojednostavljuje i poboljšava kvalitet i učestalost merenja odnosno monitoringa, u svim sferama današnjice, pa tako i u šumarstvu. Mogućnost kontinuiranog monitoringa, omogućava dobijanje mnogo više podataka posmatranih parametara od uobičajenog manuelnog načina merenja, što omogućava detaljniju analizu posmatranih procesa i pojava. "Pametnim šumama" se nazivaju šume u kojima se pomoću različitih senzora prikupljaju podaci, koji se dalje prenose bežičnim vidovima komunikacije do oblaka u kojima se skladište, obrađuju i pripremaju za dalju upotrebu. Na ovaj način je moguće manipulisati sa velikim brojem različitih podataka, što je u šumarstvu vrlo čest slučaj. Rad je fokusiran na mogućnost upotrebe senzorskih mreža i IoT koncepta u šumarstvu, konkretno u delu gazdovanja šumama u zaštićenim područjima i upravljanju zaštićenim područjima koji i inače zahtevaju poseban pristup. Razmatraju se mogućnosti primene, pre svega u smislu praćenja kretanja, ali i drugih promena i dešavanja u zaštićenim oblastima.
Abstract
The use of modern technologies, in this case wireless sensor networks, which can be part of the IoT concept (Internet of Things), promotes, simplifies and improves the quality and frequency of measurement or monitoring in all spheres of today, also in forestry. The possibility of continual monitoring, allows getting much more data of the observed parameters than with usual manual measurement methods, which further allows a more detailed analysis of the observed processes and phenomena. "Smart forests" are forests in which data are collected using various sensors, and further transmitted by wireless forms of communication to clouds for storage, processing and preparation for further use. The paper focuses on the possibility of using sensor networks and the IoT concept in forestry, especially in forest management in protected areas and protected area management, which usually requires a special approach. Texas Instrument's (TI) design for ultra low-power (LP) wireless PIR motion detector TIDA-01398 and AiRiCOM's STREGA LoRa Motion Detection sensor for motion detection are presented. Based on the information's from these sensors, besides the presence of people or veicles, the environmental conditions (as temperature) and movements in the forests (tree twisting caused by wind or bumps by trunks cused by illegal logging) can also be monitored. Detection of characteristic noises in forests deriving from presence of people, illegal logging or using motor vesicles can be monitored by sensor modules based on passive microphones gathered with adequate passive electronics (condenser micropfone, comparator with potentiometer). The selected examples applicable in the field of forest management in protected areas claim that wireless sensor networks gathered with the IoT concept open new opportunities for creating useful services in forest science.
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