2005, vol. 44, br. 4, str. 55-59
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Imunizacija i obolevanje od nekih respiratornih, vakcinom preventabilnih bolesti
Immunization and getting diseased from some respiratory, vaccine-preventable diseases
aInstitute of Public Health, Kragujevac
bKlinički centar Kragujevac, Klinika za ginekologiju i akušerstvo
Sažetak
Zarazne bolesti i dalje predstavljaju vodeće uzroke obolevanja i smrtnosti u mnogim delovima sveta i pored poboljšanih socio-ekonomskih uslova života. Najznačajnije među njima su bolesti koje se prenose vazdušno-kapljičnim putem. Imunizacija protiv zaraznih bolesti predstavlja najefikasniji način prevencije, suzbijanja, eliminacije i, tamo gde je to moguće, eradikacije bolesti. Kada postoje dobri programi imunizacije koji se pravilno implementiraju, uz veliku pokrivenost populacije nad kojom se sprovode, uočavaju se promene u učestalosti vakcinabilnih bolesti, odnosno, kontagioznih nozoloških entiteta koje se mogu sprečiti vakcinacijom. Pojedine vakcine štite čoveka od bakterijskih ili virusnih infekcija i smanjuju mogućnost, odnosno sprečavaju transmisiju infekcije. Cilj istraživanja bio je da ukaže na rezultate sprovođenja obavezne sistematske imunizacije i da ispita uticaj imunizacije na kretanje nekih respiratornih, vakcinom preventabilnih bolesti na području Šumadijskog okruga. U radu je prikazan obuhvat imunizacije i kretanje nekih respiratornih, vakcinom preventabilnih bolesti pre svih, morbilla, parottitis epidemica, rubella i pertussisa, u Šumadijskom okrugu u desetogodišnjem periodu. Velikim obuhvatom obavezne imunizacije mogle bi se prevenirati navedene respiratorne, vakcinom preventabilne bolesti.
Abstract
Contagious diseases present the leading causes of getting diseased and mortality in different parts of the world, regardless of improved socio-economic life conditions. The most important among them are the diseases which can be spread by air and water. Immunization against contagious diseases presents the most effective form of prevention, ending, elimination and, where possible, eradication of disease. When there are good programmes of immunization properly implemented, and when they greatly cover the population which they refer to, the changes in frequency of vaccinable diseases can be observed, eg. contagious nosological entities that could be prevented by vaccination. Certain vaccines protect from bacterial or viral infections and reduce the possibility of infection, that is, prevent its transmission. The objective of the research is to point to the results of conducting the compulsory systematic immunization and to examine the effect of immunization on spreading of some respiratory vaccine-preventable diseases within Šumadija Region. This study shows the scope of immunization and spreading of some respiratory vaccine- preventable diseases, before all morbilli, parottitis epidemica, rubella and pertussis, in Šumadija Region for the last ten years. By means of great scope of compulsory immunization, the aforementioned respiratory vaccine-preventable diseases could be prevented.
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