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2017, vol. 65, br. 1-2, str. 155-173
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Pametna specijalizacija prerađivačke industrije - oslonac na sopstvene snage i ciljano privlačenje SDI
Smart specialisation of manufacturing industry: Relying on one's own strengths and targeted attraction of FDI
Ministry of Economy Department of Economic Development Belgrade
Ključne reči: pametna specijalizacija prerađivačke industrije; efekti transformacije privrede; industrijska konkurentnost; oslonac na sopstvene snage - brzorastuće kompanije; preduzetništvo; ciljano privlačenje SDI
Keywords: smart specialisation of manufacturing industry; effects of economic transformation; competitiveness of the manufacturing industry; relying on one's own strengths - fast-growing companies; entrepreneurship; targeted attraction of FDI
Sažetak
Prerađivačka industrija ostaje ključna pokretačka sila ukupnog i ekonomskog rasta i razvoja i nastajanja industrijske ekonomije. Dosadašnja transformacija privrednog sistema nije bila u funkciji stvaranja nove privredne strukture. Pad zaposlenosti je posledica strukturnog prilagođavanja. Suština pametne specijalizacije leži u radikalnim inovacijama, koje su rezultanta kreativne kombinacije tehnologije i prerađivačkih sektora. Model RIS3 ubrzava preduzetničke procese otkrića. Država treba da upravlja procesom pametne specijalizacije, neophodne su sistemske pretpostavke za primenu modela RIS3. RIS3 je jedan kontinuiran proces, on nije samo optimalan izbor u određeno vreme. Ekonomske poruke u radu su usmerene u nekoliko pravaca: prvo, primena koncepta RIS3 predstavlja za Srbiju razvojnu šansu da se priključi savremenim industrijskim tokovima; drugo, brzorastuće domaće kompanije predstavljaju oslonac na sopstvene snage i začetnik su nove strukture privrede (istraživanje dinamičkog preduzetništva je pokazalo da u Srbiji posluje 1,7% preduzeća, odnosno, 1551 preduzeće i 270 gazela, sa potencijalom rasta); i treće, SDI treba da budu ciljane - prednosti SDI nisu automatske i zavise od karakteristika domaće privrede, od apsorpcionih mogućnosti domaćih kompanija, sektora i kompletne privrede. Uključivanje u globalne lance vrednosti je veoma bitan faktor strukturnih transformacija.
Abstract
The manufacturing industry remains the crucial driving force of the total economic growth and development and of the formation of industrial economy. The previous transformation of the economic system did not create new economic structures. The decline in employment is the consequence of the structural adaptation. The essence of smart specialisation can be found in radical innovations, which are the result of creative combination of technology and the processing sectors. Model RIS3 accelerates entrepreneurial discovery processes. The state should govern the process of smart specialisation; systematic assumptions for the application of RIS3 model are necessary. RIS3 is a continuous process; it is not just an optimal choice at a certain moment. Economic messages are directed in a few directions: firstly, the application of RIS3 concept presents a developmental opportunity for Serbia to catch up with other contemporary industrial flows; secondly, fast-growing domestic companies are relying on their own strengths and are the pioneers of a new economic structure (a research on dynamic entrepreneurship has shown that in Serbia there is 1.7% of companies, i.e. 1,551 companies and 270 gazelles, with the growth potential); thirdly, FDI should be targeted - the advantages of FDI are not automatic and they depend on the characteristics of domestic economy, absorption abilities of domestic companies, sectors and on the whole economy. Joining global value chains is a very significant factor of structural transformations.
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