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2016, vol. 64, br. 1-2, str. 93-109
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Regionalna otpornost - strukturna analiza, preduzetništvo i specijalizacija
Regional resilience: Structural analysis, entrepreneurship and specialisation
aMinistry of Economy, Department of Regional Development and Strategic Analyses of Economy, Belgrade
bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Ekonomski fakultet, Katedra za ekonomsku teoriju i analizu, Srbija
cUniverzitet u Beogradu, Ekonomski fakultet, Katedra za poslovnu ekonomiju i menadžment, Srbija
Sažetak
Recesija nije podjednakom žestinom pogodila sve regione u Srbiji, neki regioni su bili otporniji od drugih. Razlike u regionalnoj otpornosti su se, pored tržišta rada, najviše odrazile u regionalnim granama prerađivačke industrije. Ekonomska kriza najviše je pogodila razvijene grane prerađivačke industrije. Pored toga, ključni ekonomski parametri (zaposlenost i novostvorena vrednost) su u preduzetničkom sektoru pali za 20%. Dubinsko istraživanje regionalne otpornosti u Srbiji usmereno je u dva pravca: testiranje regionalne industrijske otpornosti pre i posle globalne recesije i identifikovanje ključnih regionalnih industrijskih grana u kontekstu regionalne specijalizacije. U radu je promovisan i nov metodološki pristup baziran na dinamičkoj strukturnoj analizi prerađivačke industrije Srbije. Istraživački doprinos autora je i afirmacija novih analitičkih instrumenata (dva nova kompozitna indeksa: IRIS i Regionalni koeficijent uspešnosti privatizacije). Ekonomske poruke u radu usmerene su u više pravaca: regionalna otpornost primarno zavisi od sektorske povezanosti i endogenih regionalnih resursa, regionalnu otpornost povećavaju faktori koje se odnose na tehnologiju, znanje i inovativni kapacitet, kao i da se regionalna otpornost povećava specijalizacijom tradicionalnih grana. U narednom periodu ključna će biti privredna transformacija ka preduzetničkoj ekonomiji i dinamičkim strukturama preduzeća.
Abstract
The recession did not affect all the regions with the same intensity, as some were more resilient than others. The differences in regional resilience, besides the labor market, have mostly reflected on regional branches of the manufacturing industry. Developed industrial branches within the manufacturing industry have been affected the most. In addition, key economic parameters (employment and value added) in the entrepreneurial sector decreased by 20%. The in-depth research in the study is aiming in two directions: the testing of regional industrial resilience before and after the global recession and identifying of the key regional industrial branches in the context of regional specialization. This study promotes a new methodological approach based on dynamic structural analysis of the manufacturing industry of Serbia. In addition, the research contribution of authors also encompasses the affirmation of new analytical instruments (two new composite indexes: RISI and Regional coefficient of successfulness of privatization). The economic messages in this study are being targeted in several directions: regional resistance depends primarily on sectoral connections and endogenous regional resources, factors that increase regional resilience include technology, knowledge and innovation, and regional resistance is increased through the specialization of traditional branches of manufacturing industry. The economic transformation toward the entrepreneurial economy and dynamic company structures will be of crucial importance in the coming period.
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