Grad između politike, finansija i kulture
The nexus of governance, finances and culture
Univerzitet u Beogradu
Sažetak
Grad je odraz njegovih stanovnika i njihove skale vrednosti, ali i slojevita struktura brojnih prethodnih generacija i njihovih skala vrednosti. Grad je složen i dinamičan sistem koji raste i razvija se, vođen idejama i ideologijama onih koji njime upravljaju što znači da ima naglašenu i iracionalnu dimenziju koju je najčešće teško razumeti i na nju racionalno uticati. Interesi koji se javljaju u toku razvoja grada imaju političku i ekonomsku logiku koju često povezuje finansijska sprega, a kultura kao treća logika ostaje bez jačeg uticaja, jer veoma često nije artikulisana u dovoljnoj meri da bi nametnula ideju koja bi bila presudna u sistemu odlučivanja. Kod gradova u tranziciji ova slabost je posebno izražena jer novi sistem vrednosti nije u dovoljnoj meri artikulisan, a identitet grada nije pozicioniran kao bitan kriterijum za ocenu njegove privlačnosti, uspešnosti i konkurentnosti. Istovremeno način upravljanja gradom je još uvek zasnovan na starom metodu gradske uprave i njenog sistema odlučivanja oslonjenog pre svega na neposrednim finansijskim efektima, kod čega nedovoljno artikulisane i pozicionirane kulturne vrednosti često bivaju žrtve investitorskih apetita i slabosti upravljanja. Identitet grada, zasnovan na kulturi i ekonomiji povezano (kultura kao resurs), zahteva: (1) jasne kriterijume, (2) koordinaciju ekonomske, kulturne i socijalne politike u odlučivanju o razvoju grada, (3) zajednički rad institucija umesto njihove konfrontacije, (4) transparentnost i aktivno učešće svih aktera (investitori, finansijski sektor, civilni sektor, građani) kod pripreme i donošenja odluka o urbanizmu, arhitekturi i građenju, i (5) razumevanje da budućnost grada nije održiva bez pažljive koordinacije njegovih prošlih i sadašnjih slojeva u procesu ekonomskog rasta i razvoja.
Abstract
The city is reflection of its population and their scale of values, but also the stratified structure of numerous generations and their value scales. City is a complex and dynamic system, growing and developing, guided by ideas and ideologies of governing structures, often with emphasized irrational dimension, difficult for understanding and complicated to be redirected by rational means. The numerous interests appearing during city development have their economic and financial logics, often confronted with urban culture not articulated enough to cope and win in the system of city decision making. Within cities in transition this weakness is more than evident, due to the fact that the new value system has not been established and articulated yet, and the urban identity not understood and positioned as crucial criteria in evaluating city attractiveness, competitiveness and economic successfulness. At the same time the mode of city governing is still based on traditional mode of decision making, mainly dependent on direct and short-term financial effects. The cultural values, not articulated and positioned in a proper way as economic resource, are usually being victims of governance weaknesses and developers' appetites. The city identity, based on interconnected economy and culture (the culture as resource and not artefact only), asks for: (1) clear and precise criteria and strategies, (2) coordination of economic, social and cultural policies in the process of city development decision making, (3) joint actions of city institutions instead of their confrontation, (4) transparency and active participation of all stakeholders (developers, financial sector, civil sector, citizens) in preparing and making decisions on city planning, architecture and constructing, and (5) understanding that the city future is not sustainable without prudent coordinating past and present layers in the process of its economic growth and development.
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