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Vojnosanitetski pregled 2010, vol. 67, br. 9, str. 741-746
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Profesionalni stres kod lekara opšte prakse i psihijatara - nivo psihičkog distresa i rizika od burnout sindroma
aOpšta bolnica, Odeljenje za psihijatriju, Šabac bKlinički centar Srbije, Institut za psihijatriju, Beograd cSpecijalna psihijatrijska bolnica 'Laza Lazarević', Beograd dVojnomedicinska akademija
e-adresa: sretenvicentic@gmail.com
SažetakUvod/Cilj. Dosadašnja istraživanja stresa pokazuju da je lekarska profesija u visokom riziku od obolevanja od psihičkih i somatskih poremećaja povezanih sa profesionalnim stresom, što može voditi značajnom poremećaju ličnog, porodičnog i profesionalnog funkcionisanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi nivo izloženosti lekara profesionalnom stresu, da se uporedi nivo stresa u grupi lekara opšte prakse sa nivoom stresa u grupi psihijatara i stepen rizika od nastanka burnout sindroma. Metode. Za ovu studiju preseka ispitanici su izabrani metodom slučajnog uzorka. Trideset lekara opšte prakse i 30 psihijatara (ukupan uzorak 60 lekara) popunili su tri testa - upitnika: Sociodemografski upitnik, Opšti zdravstveni upitnik (General Health Questionnaire - GHQ, Goldberg D, 1991), Masleč inventar izgaranja (Maslach Burnout Inventory - MBI, Maslach C, 1996). U interpretaciji rezultata korišćeni su Pirsonov χ2-test, t-test i analiza varijanse. Rezultati. Ukupni nivo psihičkog distresa meren GHQ testom u obe grupe lekara bio je jako nizak, što pokazuje da je ukupni uzorak lekara u ovom radu bio dobrog mentalnog zdravlja. Dobijena razlika u riziku od burnout sindroma na osnovu MBI testa između grupa lekara bila je statistički značajna (χ2 = 4,286; p < 0,05) samo kod supskale lične ispunjenosti poslom (MBI-PA), kao posledica većeg broja lekara opšte prakse sa srednjim burnout rizikom (13,3% prema 0,0%). Međutim, pokazano je da je visokim rizikom od burnout sindroma bilo ugroženo čak 35 lekara iz ukupnog uzorka, prema supskalama emocionalne iscrpljenosti (MBI-EE) i depersonalizacije (MBI-DP), što pokazuje da su lekari u obe grupe veoma ugroženi rizikom od nastanka burnout sindroma. Zaključak. Postoji visok rizik od nastanka burnout sindroma i u grupi lekara opšte prakse i u grupi psihijatara. Ni u jednoj grupi lekara nije bilo prisutnih psihičkih poremećaja (anksioznosti, depresije, insomnije...). Međutim, utvrđen je visok stepen osećaja emocionalne iscrpljenosti i prenapregnutosti poslom, kao i konstantan osećaj neprijatnosti uzrokovan profesionalnim naporom, te smanjeno ukupno zadovoljstvo poslom. Nivo izloženosti profesionalnom stresu viši je u populaciji lekara opšte prakse nego u populaciji psihijatara, ali dobijena razlika nije statistički značajna.
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