2017, vol. 10, br. 2, str. 39-51
|
|
Obavezno i privatno penzijsko osiguranje - analiza stavova korisnika
Compulsory and private pension insurance: The analysis of users' attitudes
Sažetak
Starenje stanovništva i smanjenje zaposlenosti su dva osnovna uzroka teškoća u kojima su se našli penzijski sistemi brojnih zemalja - kako razvijenih, tako i onih koje su u tranziciji ili su prošle taj period. Problemi funkcionisanja, do ozbiljnih kriza penzijskih sistema učinili su njihove reforme neophodnim. U tom pogledu Srbija se ne razlikuje od drugih zemalja. U većini država a pogotovu u državama u tranziciji sistemi penzijskog osiguranja su u krizi i reformama traže model za uspostavljanje održivog funkcionisanja. U Srbiji se u periodu od 2001. do 2014. godine vrše reforme penzijskog sistema u cilju rešavanja nagomilanih problema kao što su: visok deficit, dug, odnos broja zaposlenih i penzionera, negativne demografske tendencije itd. U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja u cilju ocena stava stanovnika grada Niša prema postojećem obaveznom penzijskom osiguranju i poverenja u privatno osiguranje, kao i ocena stava o potrebi realizacije dodatnih reformi sistema. Potvrđena je osnovna hipoteza: Stanovnici nisu zadovoljni postojećim stanjem u sistemu penzijskog osiguranja, smatraju da je penzioni fond prazan i da ne garantuje sigurne penzije. To znači da do sada sprovedene reforme nisu bile dovoljne i da je potrebno da se sa reformama nastavi.
Abstract
The aging of population and the problem of unemployment are the two main causes of difficulties for the pension systems of many countries - both the developed ones and those that have finished or are currently in the process of transition. Problems related to the operation of pension systems, including some serious crises of pension systems, call for some major reforms. In this respect, Serbia is no different from other countries. In most countries and especially in "countries in transition", the pension insurance systems are in crisis and they are trying to establish a model of sustainable functionality with reforms. In the period from 2001 to 2014, Serbia was reforming the pension system in order to deal with numerous problems such as: high deficit, debt, the employed to retired population ratio, negative demography, etc. In this paper we have presented our research results with the aim to evaluate the opinions of Serbia's citizens about the existent compulsory pensions insurance funds and the trust in private insurance funds, as well as the opinions about the need for additional reforms of the system. The "H0" Hypothesis has been proven to be correct: The citizens are not satisfied with the existing state of the pension insurance funds. They are concerned that the pension fund is empty and that it cannot guaranty reliable pensions. This means that reforms carried out until the present moment are simply not sufficient and they need to be continued.
|