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2019, vol. 68, br. 2, str. 33-43
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Značaj žetvenih ostataka u proizvodnji kukuruza
The importance of harvest residues in corn production
Sažetak
Žetveni ostatci u ratarstvu su važni u kruženju materije u agroekosistemu, posebno kada se organska đubriva ne primenjuju u adekvatnim količinama. Cilj ove studije je bio da se proceni uticaj povećanja doze azota i žetvenih ostataka (HR) na prinos kukuruza. Stacionarno terensko ispitivanje (ISDV) je postavljeno na krečnjačkom černozemu, Rimski Šančevi, Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad. Ovaj rad prikazuje dvogodišnje prosečne prinose hibrida kukuruza NS3022. Ogled se sastoji od šest tretmana, tri sa HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha-1 ) i tri bez HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha-1 ). Ogled je postavljen sa tri kulture u rotaciji (kukuruz, soja, pšenica). Prosečan prinos na tretmanima sa i bez HR bio je 7.22 t ha-1 . Dobijeni prosečni prinos na tretmanima sa HR bio je 7.64 t ha-1 , što je za 0.85 t ha-1 (12.52%) veće od prosečnog prinosa na tretmanima bez HR (6.79 t ha-1 ). Najveći prinos na tretmanima sa HR je postignut sa 100 kg N ha-1 a (8.44 t ha-1 ) dok je najveći ostvareni prinos na tretmanima bez HR bio sa 200 kg N ha-1 (8.56 t ha-1 ). U proseku, HR je povećao prinos kukuruznog zrna u kontrolnom tretmanu za 1.18 t ha-1 . Da bi se postigli dobri prinosi kukuruznog zrna, optimalne doze azota na tretmanima sa HR trebalo bi da se kreću u opsegu od 100 kg N ha-1 do 200 kg N ha-1 , dok na tretmanima bez HR optimalne doze azota trebale bi da budu blizu 200 kg N ha-1.
Abstract
Harvest residues of field crops are important for matter cycling in the agroecosystem, especially when organic fertilizers are not applied in adequate amounts. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of increasing nitrogen doses and harvest residues (HR) on corn yield. The international stationary field trial (ISDV) has been established on a calcareous chernozem soil, at Rimski Šančevi, on Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. This paper review two-year average yields on corn hybrid NS 3022. The trial had six treatments, three with HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha-1 ) and three without HR (0, 100, 200 kg N ha1 ). The experiment was set up in three-crop rotation (corn, soybean, wheat). The average yield with and without HR treatments was 7.22 t ha-1 . The average yield obtained on treatments with HR was 7.64 t ha-1 , which was higher by 0.85 t ha-1 (12.52%) than the average yield on treatments without HR (6.79 t ha-1 ). The highest yield on treatments with HR was achieved with 100 kg N ha-1 a (8.44 t ha-1 ) while the highest yield on treatments without HR was obtained with 200 kg N ha-1 (8.56 t ha-1). On average, HR increased the yield of corn grain in the control treatment by 1.18 t ha-1 . To achieve good yields of corn grain, optimal nitrogen doses on treatments with HR should range from 100 kg N ha-1 to 200 kg N ha-1 , while on treatments without HR optimal doses of nitrogen should be closer to 200 kg N ha-1.
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