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2017, vol. 14, br. 1, str. 207-222
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Protivrečnost između naglašavanja kreativnosti u teoriji i njenog gušenja u praksi
Contradiction between emphasizing creativity in theory and stifling it in practice
Sažetak
Reč 'kreativnost', poput drugih često korišćenih reči, rizikuje da postane neodređena banalnost ili slogan ispražnjen od svog pojmovnog određenja. Znanje i razumevanje fenomena kreativnosti nije proporcionalno onome koliko se on danas afirmiše i promoviše. To je naročito uočljivo u radnim organizacijama svih vrsta. Pored subjektivnih faktora kao što je površno ili neodgovarajuće znanje poslodavaca i rukovodioca o tome šta kreativnost zaista jeste, postoje i objektivni faktori koji pritiskaju i ometaju kreativne impulse i procese. Ekonomski, finansijski i tržišni imperativi, kratkoročni ciljevi i tesni rokovi, ubrzanje radnih procesa, racionalizacija, produktivizam, sveobuhvatni kvantitativizam (uzimanje u obzir samo merljivih parametara i rezultata), preterana regulativa, sistemi tesne kontrole i slično doprinose organizacionom dizajnu koji razara kreativnost. Određena prilično raširena menadžerska praksa i ponašanje, posebno tzv. intruzivni ili mikromenadžment, često je reakcija na ta ograničenja. Što se tiče zaposlenih, oni internalizuju te pritiske i pretvaraju ih u snažne unutrašnje imperative (sve većih) postignuća. Nametnuti standard konstantno visokog nivoa motivacije, izvrsnosti i samopoboljšanja neodrživ je na duži rok. Rukovodeći princip postizanja sve više i sve bolje za sve manje (vremena, sredstava, energije...) vodi iscrpljivanju mentalnih i drugih psihičkih resursa potrebnih za nastanak i razvoj kreativnih ideja. Kreativnost uključuje složene, tanane i dinamične psihosocijalne mehanizme. Menadžerska praksa i organizaciona kultura prečesto ugrožavaju dobro poznat najmoćniji izvor kreativnosti: intrinzičnu (unutrašnju) motivaciju. Ukratko, ovaj članak se bavi paradoksom prisutnim u činjenici da se, u teoriji, kreativnost i inovacija toliko ističu kao neophodni aduti, dok se u isto vreme, u praksi, toliko radi na tome da se one uguše.
Abstract
The word 'creativity', like other frequently used and popular words, is at risk of becoming a vague platitude or a slogan devoid of its conceptual determination. The knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon of creativity are not proportional to how much it is affirmed and promoted now days. This is particularly noticeable in work organizations of all kinds. Besides the subjective factors such as the employers' and managers' superficial or inadequate knowledge of what creativity really is, there are objective factors which put pressure on and hinder the creative impulses and processes. Economic, financial and market imperatives such as: fierce competition, short-term goals and deadlines, acceleration of work processes, rationalization, productivism, overall quantification (only measurable parameters and results being taken into account), excessive regulations, tight control systems and the like, contribute to the design of organizations which crush creativity. Some quite widespread management practices and behaviors, especially the so-called intrusive or micromanagement, are often a reaction to these constraints. As for the employees, they internalize all these pressures into strong inner imperatives of (over)achievement. The imposed standard of a constantly high level of motivation, excellence and self-improvement is unsustainable in the long run. The guiding management principle of performing more and better for less (time, resources, energy, leads to the exhaustion of mental and other psychological resources needed for creative ideas to emerge and develop. Creativity involves complex, subtle and dynamic psychosocial mechanisms. Too often the managerial practices and organizational cultures are detrimental to the well known most powerful source of creativity: the intrinsic motivation. Briefly, this article deals with the paradox which lies in the fact that, in theory, so much emphasis is put on creativity and innovation as indispensable assets, while at the same time so much is done to stifle them in practice.
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